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"u.''<' "..'i � 11 t)i,>iiyijji ill. i.ii , i Wv:itfo> An Impartial Medium for the Dissemination of Jewish News and Views ^ in 'MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU Of CIRCULATIONS PUBUSHED BY THE .CANADIAN JEWISH REVIEW LIMITED George W. Cohen, Pouter
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1 wholly dieapprove of what you say and will defend to the death your right to $ay it. � Voltaire to Helvetiue.
AUGUST 2, 1963
Olfte*
VOL XLV, No. 44
Garfenval*, Qa�a�c
The Ordeal Of American Negroes Contains Even Resentment Against White Liberals
SY SOtl SOUIY, CHAJtMAJt OF nil ANTI-OtFAMAnON LEAGUE OF SNA1 WITH
James Howard Meredith recently told a reporter, "I'm not a well-adjusted Negro. I don't want to ever think I'm well-adjusted as a Negro."
He meant, of course, adjustment to the separate but unequal life of a Negro in Mississippi. His mother, the wife of a cotton farmer, approved of her son's role as the first and only Negro enrolled at Ole Miss. It called for him to walk the gauntlet of hundreds of jeering, name-calling white students. "I'm glad he did it," she said. "I never once doubted he had the courage."
There is a new militancy among Negroes. Along with it is a greater resentment of whites because of ever-broken hopes and promises. And these expressions of resent, ment are today more candid and forthright than ever.
The causes of resentment are itemized in the newspapers every day. It is sufficient to note, that the Emancipation Proclamation is now 100 years old � and its promise still remote from reality; that the Supreme Court's decision on desegregation of public schools came in 1954 � and to this day no more than 7 to 8 per cent of Negro children in the South attend integrated schools.
This new militance toughens and mobilizes parts of the Negro community which have^ never before been involved in- civil rights activity � the very idea seemed remote to them a few years ago. The old established forms of protest and improvement � leaving things in the hands of experts and lawyers � no longer satisfy great parts of the Negro community, especially the young people.
The motives of the white liberal community, the meaning of the Judeo-Christian tradition are being seriously questioned. The Black Muslims are but the most publicized of various Negro movements produced in dire reaction to the cruel past. They have a tragically racist appeal, they preach a hate produced by hate, they deny that all men are brothers.
If white Northerners feel the slightest bit smug about their treatment of Negroes, let them be reminded: The Black Muslim movement is essentially a phenomenon of the urban North, a reflection of the Negro ghettos, poverty, inadequate education � and again � broken promises.
In a complicated way, Jews often appear to Negroes to be members of the propertied white Establishment, its nearest representatives, and a special target In urban areas of tha North, often enough, "Negroes moved into communities after first-generation American Jews started to leave than fof better housing. But Jewish "influence" continued to be f.H by the neweomers; for many ytars new the term "Jewish landlord" haa had a spedal and negativesiaiilnf to many Negroes. In tfe N�& **4 Sooth, tha Jewish
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rent Negro boycotts of retail stores in primarily Negro sections often adds to Negro-Jewish tensions, too.
Today, inevitably there are expressions of anti-Semitism among Negroes. The Black Muslims express it one way; its leaders tell followers that Jews might serve as an example: "Jews are unified and well-organized, Jews have managed to get hold of property, own their own facilities, hotels, and restaurants, Jews have carved out their own state in Israel. We can learn, should learn how they did it, do it ourselves, do it better." Implicit in this is both envy and hostility.
Anti-Semitism is occasionally seen even in the more conservative Negro press � and in the statements of the more demagogic Negro political leaders. A news magazine recently planned to feature a story about anti-Semitism among Negroes; it sent a reporter to Harlem, a Negro, to research the story. He came back to his office to shake his white colleagues by the virulence of the anti-Semi-tic remarks he had heard during his interviews.
ADL research in the South has found anti-Semitism among Negroes there too. Since the Supreme Court decision, the South has been a special target for the anti-Semitic and racist literature of such a man as Conde McGinley in his Common Sense, and The Thunderbolt of the National States Rights Party. This material is now getting into the hands of Negroes too; the racist anti-Negro portions they take for granted and ignore � the anti-Semitic portions they seem to have a tendency to read and retain.
Negro anti-Semitism is a particular tragedy because it is so misguided. Responsible Negro leadership knows that Jews and Jewish organizations have had a major role in the drive for equal rights for all Americans. Jewish organizations were often instrumental in forming the human relations councils that developed throughout the country immediately after World War II? to the educational campaigns for FEPC and other types of civil rights legislation that have gone into the statute books of scores of states in the past eighteen years; in the development of the. whole course of human relations . education throughout the country.
In his misguided, twisted way, the professional bigot recognises this when he accuses Jews of trying to "mongrelixe" the nation or of being a moving force behind tha Negro integration movement "Mongrelisntion," of course, is hardly the issue; democracy, security, and equal opportunity are the sum total of the aims of human rights groups, Jewish or otherwise.
There is pain and anguish and tha continued) crippling of tha Negro psyche every day. Still, in tha historical jstnat, the eighteen years since tae war have witasnad astounding strides toward equal opportunity for Negroes, unprecedented in rat* since tha *a4 of
ISRAEL ARMY: CHAPLAIN
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{Continued from Page Five) Ambassador extended an official invitation to her to visit Israel.
In Sweden, his first stop was at Malmo. There, together with our representative In Stockholm, A. Levy, he visited a seminar, organized by the Zionist Federation and tha Agency, attended by 1S20 delegates from all over Scandinavia. As guest of honour, he spoke on "The Jewish Conception Of Oalut And Geula." On Shabbat he
slavery. The improvement has been on economic and social levels primarily and now � with the Negro's emphasis on his right to vote � the progress will soon be in the political arena top.
In a sense, it is precisely because so much progress has been made in the past eighteen years that Negroes today have achieved this new militancy, the sense of revolt � instead of the abject hopelessness that afflicted so many before. Their patience until now has been almost infinite; their impatience now is understandable, but, it may also, in its reactions, bring this nation to crises of violence before the ultimate of real integration is achieved.
It is easy to understand why Negroes have a need to scapegoat, why they suspect the motives of the best of whites, including their allies who now say: "Temper your impatience with reason and reality." "How long, how long, O ' Lord," they feel.
The 'term liberal is often a term of derision to Negroes today; they are even suspicious of those whites who join in freedom rides or sit-ins as being out on a lark of sorts, seeking some psychological catharsis.
It may seem a remote notion to Americans in normal situations, but many Negroes, in their anguish and impatience, compare Nazi Germany at the time it was persecuting and killing millions with the United States of America today. The equation cannot be made; all the fotce of federal,government, the will of the majority, our law, and our common heritage are on the side of progress, of the achievement of human rights.
Nazi Germany's course was one of a constant downward spiral, into degradation and 'the pit of evil. But the mood of many Negroes is that they have long been condemned to hell by white Americans and that gradualism � gradual release from purgatory as they see it � is not the answer.
This article is from the A.D.L, Bulletin of the Anti-Defamation League of Bnai Brith.
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is one of only three English-language
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Circulations
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Tha others art TIME ami TV GUIDE
QUIMC � ONTARIO �THI MAftrnMB
munities; and tbefl proceeded to GoUborg; ^irfwSfe:M!!|t i cbn-ference with Inecommunal leaders and lectured on: "Peace And War In The Perspective Of Judaism".
He spent almost a whole week in Stockholm, in sneaking engagements, lectures, maetings, and
conferences. Specially noteworthy was his address to an assembly of youth organisations, among whom the Bnel Akiva was prominent His topic was: "Religion, Science, And Technological Developments From The Jewish Point Of View." He visited the Jewish Day School and paid tribute to the heroic efforts of our representatives, Mr. and Mrs. Levi. He also met with a number of non-Jewish dignitaries.
His next stop was at Helsinki in Finland. About 1300 Jews descended from former Cantonists of Czarlst Russia live there. The efforts of Rav Be'eri are energetic and are appreciated by the community. However, the youth is as-similated. There is a Day School with 90 children; but a sad dearth of teachers. Rav Peron spoke forthrightly and bluntly to the community. He told them: There is only one way, a Judaism of Torah. All other paths lead to disintegration and destruction. In Turku he found 150 families. Our representatives, Mr. and Mrs. Daglan, are doing all they can. The tide of assimilation is, however, extremely strong.
The last country on his itinerary, was Norway. In Oslo, over 100 people came to hear him. This was the first time in many years that
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Jewish medical personnel who istratlon), and by survived Maidanekf/ concentration pltal, etc, camp are being sought by the World Jewish, Congress in New York In connection'With an investigation of Nasi crimes now being
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According to aVailiihU 4 four Jews among those\'� Maidanek were returned to the S.S. Hospital from which
carried out by the West German managed to escape. One of authorities.
During the massacre of 42,000 Jews in the city and district of Lublin in November, 1943, known as Aktion Erritefest, the inmates of two Jewish labor camps were taken out and shot to death near Maidanek. The camps were the Deutsche Ausruestungswerke (munition plant) on Lipowa Street, and the barracks at the .airport
Simultaneously, smaller Jewish labor groups were also wiped out in the same way. They had been employed by a number of Nazi units at Lublin, by the local S.S. Administration (Standort Admin-
was a male nurse calledVojfeU garn. There is also evidence to the fact that several Jewish medical specialists were spared at the $ame time in order to perform 4n operation. They too may have been able to flee Maidanek.
Anyone who has any information' concerning the fate or whereabouts of Vogelgarn, .or of any of the Jewish doctors at Maidanek, or has any other pertinent information is requested to get in touch with Dr. Nehemiah Robinson, director of the Institute of Jewish Affairs, World Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, N.Y.
so large an audience had come to hear a speaker on Jewish topics. The need for a Rabbi and teacher in the community is desperate. From there, Rav Peron flew to the Northernmost Jewish settlement in the world, Trondheim. The community consists of 150. Jews, some religious. Several were quite prosperous, being engaged in the textile business. However, the community did' not seem to have a future. Rav Peron suggested that
they arrange to share the Rav of Oslo with that community, and that he spend several days each month in Trondheim. This proposal was heartily approved.
Immediately on his return, Rav Peron presented an exhaustive report in the head office of the Torah department His discussions' are continuing, and the department will consider ways and means to implement his constructive suggestions.
IT'S THE YEAR TO SEE THE
AUGUST 16th to LABOUR DAY SEPT. 2nd
NOT OPEN SUNDAYS
People and products, performers and competitors are coming to the CNE from every corner of Canada, from North America, from many foreign nations. 3,000,000 visitors�and morel It's your year to see what's new and newsworthy, interesting and informative, exciting and entertaining at the world's Largest annual exriiWtkxL
EVENING GRANDSTAND SPECTACULAR STARRING R0IERT GOULETi-Producer Jack Arthur brings you a dazzling
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GRANDSTAND "MATINEE FlHt-fEST STARS THE THREE STOOGES�These fabulous funsters return by popular demand with their new act, "The Three Stooges Meet the Gorilla 1" Thrilling circus acts, aerialist* and downs round out this rollicking show. �
HEAR THE MAGMFKENTIAN0 Of HER MAJESTY'S SCOTS GUARDS�Twice dally at the BandshelL Hundreds of free seats.
EXPLORE THE tETTER UYtNG CENTRE"�This beautiful mmttmfflioa dollar building which opened last year contains today's most exciting home funuWngs and appliances.
WHAT'S NEW m FASHIONS AMD H0MEMA�MG?-Flnd out in the ultra-modern Queen Elizabeth Building aad Theatre, featuring fashion shows, ccokrn&oVmoostrarJoos and fstrhstrng displays of arts and crafts.
SEE THE raiEST FR0(| CANADA'S FARlslAttOS�Chsmpioa livestock, fruit, vegetables and dairy products are displayed and judged in the world's largest agricultural brnlding.
VETESC0PE tJ�Ontario veterinarians present a rayrnarrng and mformatrve picture of modern veterinary medicioe, with expssjuUioos, dcqxttslratiocs and actual operations.
TOW Tfff NfTEMATMNAL SHOPPERS' MARKET�Rare and exotic products from many foreign shores will be on display foryoot browsing or hoyfogpfetsve*
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of fika maUtg in Canada, from 1903 to 1963.
EX8TM6 SPORTS COMBlinONS and MSrtAYS-Sports srtMrJet will be hjuppeoJng every day at many posts mtheC^GrourJds.B*inrttoYisfc .
S&ttlAL CftliTl^l)^
MtramonSwim, tb* frrternstfaralAk Show, to faeadk-takJag Flower Show, the Armed Forces Display; to OrsalUkesClMmpsc^lpT^
MOAN* S0ARPMG TONUS ONWC*ipWAU-nw
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canadian national fxhibition � toronto
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