ļiiimi©diatdy retreat, the \ ia Afflca; [er iby them;
more jvas :y after any
•mmm
taess
l^rstānd the jrage Soviet |possibl6 te loōses. And Tragic and
^sult of this it is tagive
ing iiews-'he Blessed forst enemy,
iy lifetime I ļetnam from led. Four to md time in
Inicide, \{ is
so in a few )ld people, l. Go, die! Korea and >an, give up m countriesl
ļn our splen-Let us mix itiful, toothy
k to be that fnited States; ōf America, ļtates against countries of toprevent it Icond World war, twice. while Euro" Ind a means ļthem at all. ^ing that in thōusands^ this, even In out better, traveling in all, the im-ļre you must
lelf to be the lenever there lo is the first
lation, swear ļre being de-'world" jump
great burden :e it or not, llonger afford abbut theii; think about Id arise—^and and the next shoulders of
ble to protect
b. In one half
Itvill to defend
■•■^
emselves with ķ[ against the inst a country
ļ have full de-ļhis is the leit-some of yaur l against tatal-t? The United
Even the imited democracies of the world were not able to do it—America, England, Canada, Australia. With the first danger of Hitlerism, you streched the hand out to Stalin. It is also said that "if the Soviet Union is going to use detente for its own ends, then we''---But^^^ will happen then? The Soviet
- in ;.its; ;cwndnteresi^ ;īs; to useitviti; its own. .itetrest. #or exāmp!e, in; China ■ and.mCtb^; .Sodiet ■■Ūnioi
c6untri©s
^e
was across
events
ls:38'
m a ļ-tenis
ago^; the - Soviet; Uriion;,: seni'you; :the ■ pHots; i^io;. at; one Pole 6n the way^t^^
of 1937^--when the Ŗusšian pilots accom^ heroie fliģht
North'P(de and^^^i^^
Stalin had executedm^ he was doiiig. The pilots were herōk:^--^6^ iniT-ļJUt• Ais:was::'a^^■show^ .^a show.to _ . And.wbatistheoa^ šome kihd of an aiiniveršary? No^ sim|)iy they have to cove^^ Vietriam, and 'once again tho pilots were sent here. The Chkatov Memorial was inaugurated in the State of Washington. Chkalov is a hero and is worthy of a memorial. But, in order to present the trae picture, behind the memorial there should have been a wall, and on it there should have been a bas-relief showing the execution, showing the skuUs and bones.
I apologize ior quoting so many things, but there are so many things said in your press and radio.
We cannot ignorē the f act that North Vietnam and Khmer Rouge have vio-iated the (Indo-China) agi'eement, but we are willing to look into the fature. What does that mean? Does it mean let them exterminate people, but if these murderers—^thc^e who live by violence—these exeoutioners authorize detente^ we will be happy i to partičipate in it?
They (in tļhe U.S. leadership) looked into the fature this way in '33 and in '41, but it was a nearsighted look into the future. Two years ago they looked into the future when a senseless, nonguaranteed, pointless tmce in Vietnam was arranged, and it was a nearsighted thmg. There wūs such a hurry to have this truce that they have forgotten to collect your own Ameri» cans back. They were in such a hurry to sign this docmnent that some 1,300 Americans—well, they have vanished.
How is that done? How can this be? It is possible in war for some of those Americalas.to be missing in action, But the leaders of Northern Vietnam have admitted that a part of them is stili being kept in prison. Do they give you back your compatriots? No. They are not giving them back, and they are puttmg new conditions before you. At first they said, "Remove Thieui from'power." Now they are saymg,' "Have the United States restore Vietnam; othervvise, if s very difficult for us to fuad all these people."
If the Governmpnt of North Vietnam has difficulty explaimng to you what happened with your American POW's who have not been returned, I, on the basis of my experience in the "archipelago " can teli you this quite; cle,arly: There is a law in the "archipelago" that those who have been treated the most harshly, and who have withstood the most bravely—the most honest, the most courageous, the most unbending—they never again come out into the wōrld. They are never again shown to the worM because the tāles they will teli will not fit into the human mind.
Some of your returned POWs have told that they were tortured. means that those who remain were tortured even more horrendously, they have not given an iņch. These are your best people. These are your first heroes, who in a solitary combat have stood the test.
And today, .unfortunately, thty cannot hear and take courage from om applause: They can't be here because they are in their solitary celis where they may either die or sit 30 years like Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish diplo-mat ^ho was seized in 1945 in the Soviet UnioE. He has been in prison for 30 years, and they will not yield him up.
And you have some hystericM public figurēs who have said: "I will go to North Vietnam. I will get on my knees and beg them to release our prisoners of war." This isn't a political act. This is masochism,
Do you understand properly what detente has meant all these 40 years? Friendship, stabilization of the situation, trade, et cetra—I have to teli you something which •you've never seen or heard—!iow it looks from the other le. Let me teli you now: -A mere acquaintance with an American—and God forbid that you should sit with hkn in a restaurant—means a 10-year term for espionage. In-the fourth volume of the "Archipelago," I will teli of an event. One Soviet citizen was in the United States, and when he came back he told that in the United States they have wanderful automobiles, roads. The State Security arrested him and they demaņded a term of 10 years. But the judge said: "I don't object, but there's not enouģh evidence. Couldn't you find something else against him?" So the judge was exiled because he quarreled with the State Security, and .they gave the other man 10 years. Can you imagine v^hat this means? He said there v^ere good roads in America. He got 10 years for that.
In 1945, 1946, 1947, through our prison celis, w^ saw pass a lot of persons and these were not ones who were cooperating with Hitler—there were some of those, too—they were not guilty of anything, but rath^r they were peopk who had just ispent some time in the West and had been liberated from German prisons by the Americans. This was considered a criminaī act—to be liberated by the Americans. That means he had seen the good life on the other side. And the terrible thing to the Communists is not what he did, but v^hat he would tellabout. All of these people got 10«year terms.
During Nixon's last visit to Moscow, your American courrespondents were repbrting about the Westem way of life and reporting m the streets of Mm-cow, for example, m the followhag way: "I am gomg down a Russian street
about the meeting between Nixon and Brezhnev?" And amazingly everybody said: „Wonderful, Fm delighted, Fm absoluteljf overjoyed by this fact."
Whatdoes this mean? How could v^e understand this? If I am going dowE the Street inMoscowan^ some Ameriean comes Ip to me v^ith a micro-phone, and I knev^ tliat one yard away frcm him^^^^^i^^^ State Security also with a niiprophbne, vrtio's recording everythihg I say, of coursē II say—-dō you think I*m going to sayšom^^^ me ■ in.prison infe^minutes?-^^
I'm.overjoyedi"-■
Biit what is the you here in the West without thmking twice helped us many years eyeŗything; to make us forgetvthis^ to erase
trammitlo.
Ctommunists have our
I came into^ this M, ļ delayed' my,visit ^ to Washigton;;,ar■ m ķe a look at some ordinary parts of America, go into varioiis talk with people: And i v^as toldr—and this I leamed for the first time—that in eyery State during the war years, thērewere Soviet friendship societies which were čollecting assistaņcefr Soviet people--~warm clotheSj " ļs—and all these things were $ent to the Soviet Unici!.
we iK)t 6niy never^^^^ŗ^ thm,we never sawthem.^^^^l^
among the privileged persons. And furtheimore, no oiie there ever even told us that this was being done. I cMily leamed about it this month, here in the United States. V
Everything poison(^s whiA^ coM be said iout the United States was said in Stalin's days. And all of this created a heavy sentimeht. If s sentimeM which can be stirredup any time—any time the^^^n^^ with headlines: "Bloodthirsty hmmmi Imperialism Wants to Seize Cofitrol of the World." Md this poison will ri^^^ that has been
created. M:any people in our country will believe tiiis and will be' pofeoned by it and will coBsider.yGU aggressors;^.'!^ country.
)
The Soviet systemis so closed that it's almost impossible for yōu tō stand it here. And your thepreticiansand^^ write works trying t
explain ho^ things occurthere.^^ There are some naīveexplaņations^^^w^ emerge from the United States that are actuatly Mny to Soviet citizens.
.e say'
Iogy. Not at dl, no at all. They haven't given it up one
Some say that in the ^^K^^ the right, mā they are figMing with eadi o^^
such a v^ay so as to affect the left s^^^^^ sonie sort of a struggle f or p^^
Or the third possible explanation: that thanks to the igrowth of technology, there's a teclinocracy in the Soviet^^^ U^^^ is a
growing number of engineers and the eņgineers are now running the economy and wilIsoon determinē the fate oft^^^ I teli
you, though, that the ^gineersdetemiine just as
much as our ģenerāls detennine^ te^^ zero. Bverything is done the way the party demands. That's their system.
Judge it for yourself. It's system^^^^^^ been genuine elections, but simply a farce. Il's a system vvhich has do legislative bodies, legisMve orgāns, l's asystem w^ press, a
system with(Ķit an independent judici^^^^ no in-
fluence on externalor internai policy-—where any^^A^ is
v^at the State thinksisemhed,^^ And let me t# bugging is such a simpie mmg; its
just a maMer of everyday life/ You^^M^ States where a bugging caused an uproar which^^^l^ years. Not in the Soviet
Union. Eveiy faetory, every apaitn^ its 'bug in it. It
■doesn't. 'Surprise^ ūs::;in .the^ least. ^- ■ ^ i''::- "
's a syštem' where\uM -and than tim - have n^ courts, but retire pn
pensions. It's a system v^here these farcei every foreigner is surroundedbysecret aģents. It's constitution hasi^never been cmie^ out for one single day, the de-
cisīons are made somewhere higji up by a smaU group in secret, and then released on the coqntry like a bolt of ligh^ ^ What is the. signature; of rely m
their signatures to a document of d^ your ' speciālists and they'll M you that M rece^ the Soviet Union has suc-ceeded in creating wonderful ch^icd weapons, and iņissileswhich are even better than those whičh ai^^
So what are we to conclude from that? Is dē^^ needed or not? Not only is it needed, it's needed like aiŗ. It's the only way of saving the earth; that is, instead of haviņg a world w^5we must have deten^^^
def inite eharacteristia genume d6tente would be.
āre only three. In the first riace: that t^^^
only a disarmament from the use of war, but also from the use of violence— not only arms, but also violence; not^o^ vs^hich are used to
destroy.yourneighbo!urs, but the sort of arffls which are used to destroy your
.. This is not- detente, if we :heŗe • w^ :caa .®pend oir; time in a
lriendly way, while ©ver tha:§ people are groaning and dying and in psychi° atric insane asylums. The doctors are going around and putting injections in people which destroy their brain celis.
And the second sign of true detente is the following: that it be not one pn smiles, not on verbal coiicessions. It has to be based on a fkm .ow