PAGE 2
THE
I* E W CA NAD I A N
FricUy, July12,1974
Dn Suzuki
(效nt, fro迈page L)
in itf^ iimp^ w象y, but requiresr
iin昨of leases.
it seems to meぁhatthe.major fo加behind the bewildering rai^ of ch抑ge抑d crises to<lay ifi tecim9l邻めf«d by « nwssive
en^^t^. Without science and ie> ch怖logめmillionsやf pe^leせo, u1《i>e dying抑niue4lめof di"^ a«e$ ipo^w "n"' conttxi^l<ikiHlof iwich BMwe w,ーpre" famine, anci yr« wouldlive iii a w^rid without televjaion, ,r*n^tt»ti-op,"ぉlii^s, ayntlveticdi siid柳-tib班ics. Biitthat幼ine ,hd technoloj;y' 'hぉchillig«d你€ whole niaiure of war with加e-l執T weapons, mーi^Si抑d cJie, TJii ca1alid biologicalWarfare^ and is depleting the plai^fetひま its resource3 whilelitteringit^ surf aやe with debris,
The' apj)Ucation. of'sciencie' 'th-?"ougぉtechiioiogryiiaa always, be^ douWe^edged, with potential for good and for bad. But today Science imd tebhnolo^か ff《cte every aspect of oひflives, and we as the taxpayers who令u-pport .,this hvv'entiyeneiis'o.r sim-piyidtizenawhij mustliv, with,theiir effects must ultima" tely deteir7ninethedirecti(m她d application of science ^~~ 'not, as, is preseiitlythecvafie, the military and iirdustiy. Even though ■his taxぉ'contribute''between'1.5 f^nd 2 b ill ion dollars annuallタ かresもarch aiidぉVelopmeivt, the Canadian, ta邓ayers. 'does:, 'iKyt kmw how the money is jjp«it. In interviews IVeぉad with people on the street, I've be en a-mas^ at the collective pqblic igiVQwrnc^タトut science. The pir obi柳is th&t too :'f e.w people h&ve *be perspective to reoogni-
how ssentia'lit is tifiat. they have, & b.asiる..'woirking-' knowle<J—
Off whiat is happening in sd-ence in this country, so tha* ..ゅey can: exeicise. some —ectkm on our t echo IK>logicalfu£ure. Uiifoa:tuimtely'伤ls question is f "t becpxninc: one of survivゃi itself. As you辦,my coiio^pt of a; university educaぉon is the old,t"-麵ofialone—はおnot to ti^in "uwithbぉc skills for everyuse/ as • hぉrecently ■ been .a9sもH;cid...Rather汰is. to ppoviiJeyouW汰h «^ variety of perspectives from T^?iich to. viei^ theTyorld, so tも"in maki睹der eiーi13, you n^jr be able to一 the tnie ^ciope of thもproblems.
.There is "ft^erefstin^ story tol4おHarvardN6b^lLaureate George Waid Which illustrates the Tfeocc^i;ty forヌvicli cducsti-
抑:.:
"Over150 milH6h ycarisziigo, thおplanet was in ttteMesozoic BiもVPが^^of" t€fm<^ to M t〜Acre <»f Reptiles. Durini; this tim^, thelargest cre^M;ures
.Myted ftU other oirganiuns^ TlMy !ooioed preUy,れrpikk6^ — for th炒had 6iz«, Armour pltt^e> dftwS) spikes and teeth. But th-had one flaw: Mid that was a verylow brain to' brawn ratio.
During; this time, & puny, scrawny vertebntte crawled onto theland evolved into a ma. mal—alittle, spindly cre*tare with no thほarmour plates and covered only in h«ir, but it faftd one tbin^ fftyin; for it> hiifijer bra in io biwwn ratio.
In k68 than 70 million years, the dino&juirs were砂ne, yictims of theijrlow hmin to brawn ratio, but the nMrnmals fkmrisb«d
and冲read狄i'osきthe'l&n4,
utぱu厂もut sit ill vulnerable ani-Ttvad, HUMAN, appearfte xlidn,ぃhave size, a加oiHV clarwS, "ngs 01.ゆikes, buぃhe had the highゃst'l^wdn tひbraiwn ratio ver to、xist on e^wtth抓d it took him .:.to a portion of: ..-dominance, ,...
Then,less than100 y狄rsa^t), in an clipibed into a cair幼d his br8ti"t<ybr^wn ratio bcJffa?i to fall.He invented guns and tanks, bombs and planes, rockeぉ, and Hacl,i"ゃeaiMiriさ.Y祐に,tth €kch invention, his))r^m't^D >pa— ■vyn .i"a&.:.sinks.''twaTd3,:.'th,t' of tW Grー iReptilesノひ
Professor W&ld,s story is a (iirectmessage to youきraduA-teき、B jr i no rおsinぎ,thもiiiyiibei: of educated brains, brains which tvillfor example accept the ries. ■ponsi:bi."ty to,enter' int;6.::'the:dゃ-' '.cはvcm,鹏Kiiig processes oi :pcK :lidng and adminisfhating.. the' powerful techひi;iologrical'tools at tltもdis(posaレof our ^iety, yoリ ."re:,、vorking Again:"' the, decr掷'' se of. the brain to 'brawn ratio.
I )iave outlined a problem of 'science 'and .t€f>hnology which you: willノhave:tひ'dealwはh'allj'. ■ the wisdom .ゃt your dis3w幼1、."1'"^o-uld nowlike to describe a social prひblさni,for the solution of ヌhich youi" (now highiy^develo-■ped)' lb pa ins fire'vei'y much .nfe^-.dod.. r :believe t)iat the.'', most profound social issue of the 70,s •is:the.-questioIV.of 'th«. :rel"i<m-ship between I,Q,, race, and socialclass, arid of the means whereby we willdealwith «the frictions and inequities of r狄ial. and socialgroups in society* We ■ire in:a: period, when' it''is ming fasliicmabl-e to accept that much of man,s behavioiir is inherited. Th叫Nひbd Laureaite iConrad:Lorentz says that isteiritorial;RpbertAndry! that .卿n is'aggressive; &nd .'Qwrdon Ra伏rayTaylo]r,that man is viO" lent. Arthur Jensen at Berkeley has received wide pゅlic汰y for: his 'suggestion: 'that the. s^ig-Tiific,ant differences : bet We enさ二 verage LQ.,s ofblacks an<lwhi-■tes h as a. genetic ,bおis'..even though ni> reputable geneticist accei^t his condusions!.'rn such ariatrik)spKere, ai"acistlike No, bei LaiM^eatte WHli鄉Sh6ckiey CMi suggest咏at iiite,a^'由ge bゃtwまblacks and whitesie^ de* creasing theネyeraぉI.Q. of North A.mericaiv、|iij;€^.
Morei)ver,ぉ&nr^t(^ profe^r 印c"n1H,rrsぉn, in his t>o6k :1.!^.おthe Meritocracy suggests that in .our. sd<:〖€ty,
—~ I,Q. — «larg:eheredi, taryノcomponent;-
二 High I.Q. increases the pi^p-bability of success;
一Sucoftss isInwarded with status and motiもy; .
"Therefore,ーtus (レ e, 'class') is genetic>U|y deter— xnmea.
His ideas are n;iuch moi^ difficult to refute, but the social i啤lkati(m3 <are phenomenal.If indeed people on w.eぱare, -for example, are on welfare becau-M their genes limit their dtpa-bilはies, and tlie chances are high thttt thoselimits wiU be inherited by th«ir children, the ,con-cept of classless societies and re«dy «ocialmobility would &p* ptiur to be «t dr€«in.
As people mor« readily accept that bchariour and intelligence
mense.
Anbther^Sipect of the genetics of race yw13mdiciat;ゃd in1970 when 'in.:肌is sue of他€> Aine?ic-.
nc(ticst Ka^) L»rsen publisb^ a ぉ—etitl""Ethhk W«ajKm3". In this paper, Larsfn points th^ii!>anyh©r^ita;ry diff^i^en-cぉ)xrtw鄉rwies alteraeiieiti-vHy to various (jh福ical?'肌u,, by catalo gruing « n卿ber of these traits, we«iponS wi/tJi v勿high othmp«^ifi<iitysiu)uld ;b^ readily constriacted. In' thもU恭, til ere iき-inore^d fcdei^sd sup, port of t^ese汰irci1into ethnicdi-B^^es. For exampleれis kiio"wn that sic)de cellaiiaiemi^ (Xx;urs at a very high frequency in bl-^ks* Tay ^achs disease occurs mainly in Jews, an丄pooleyVか n^mia,. in :'sou你枕iv !Me(ii"rraに ne^ns... ..And: I:."wotry :that:加ゃh r^sea'rchパ.hia,ーprodi^—' info rami-tion thiEutctrnWlead to construe-tion of ethnic weapons. Such "v^eiipofts. -couW 'have :been' very, usefi^ in yi6tnan^, for fxaimple,
13 the potentialmisuse ofsci-ence:ぉuch a::._lUdi<M\ms. 'possU)Ui.ty hiCanada'?rms^raid th«rti our ■history...sugg辨ts'.th;at.::we站,a: nation hmy be quitecapable of the油use of science and teehno-logy, and I canlist (the evidence, the—.':reasons for. .my skeptidsm.
1) In Canada, sひme l>rovmces have Eugenics Acts which allow steiilization of jMifti《nts in men-.tal'-1nstVt lit ions even though, in. ■naost caseS). we 'know' vさrylittle alxHit 'tti.e genetics .of mental'dis>" ease.
2> We haveheard of the Yeレ low Peril抑d the irfnate幼eaki-ness of 'Ja.ps,. I spentfひur years fれ.a ' concentrvatiひn caimpノ ■uruiter: the War Measuresぉt for com-miting. tihe々rimeカf having .genes t£at came from JaT>an thrせe g;^nera!ti9ns辨Q, and々きry fe^y 'p^'pk'邻6ke. <mt''邻ajiiist this incarcei节tion of <^nadlan citiz-■ens.. Tbe W,r. Measures Act .has been u狄d to abrogate:all':rii:hts of crtiz^nshiptag&inst thもp90r during the 30,《j,ゅe Japane&e-Ganadiaiv inゅe 40,s, and , the French-"ねJuiぉnS in the 70,s. This.sh'ひws ihow ihuph' 、ye:.cani^e-a"y count <m our "humゆrigh' t3,, wic^ the g6ing gets ttwjjfh.
3) Dr.Do<ison, «a geneticist at tile Univereil^ of QUiawa, cまed for "wh. Jtw.ar4fi' ..to加ヌvers.ity graduates for havii)!^ cthildi^ vei)卞h()ugh groing to university is moie inぉoatiVそof o|i^'s social Qr econ—ic situation ihanゥt
4> Dr.ぉoib4rte,ivhile, pr^W-6nt " the Can^iねMedicai A«: Bodaiion, sujgrが冬ted .i^t per^ipienぉbewjterilized to pre^ ザent thSr dihiti(moft)ie gゅe ドl.
5) Dr. Wfrher C9hn at U[冬C?, a収ge^ts, opthe bads ofャ.B.I. that blacks h— im. i^na> denoy to kill.. ,Ineviゅly柳nomics enters—the
cost-benefit analysis ', And with co7ii^mp6:rary techniqites <rf exatniniiig- ihe cells of air emb" 170 in the womb, it is shown Uiat by <letectk>n幼d abbrtion of^veralgeiKJtic defects» socie* ty wx>uld save alarg:^ amount of money. What if & wdレmean. ing geneticist th机suggested to a politician that there is n genetic type which can be predicted to )iave & high piiobabJlity of 1> never completing high scH« 001,
2) being below the povertyle^
3) goffering from physicaland
、4) . beoomhijj ii>vol—in c?iレ
,me,.:.
■ '■::5), .dying, .prematurely.::'.
ShouW we save society money by A Portingr these individiiaW? Think abo^t it*aiuiyou willre-aH狭bhivt thU describes Indies on reserves; Here, clearly, the basis fof their dぱなrep, c想arc not他6 cause of -their difticviltie^, iU"r it is the fact 讣e society iriwhicK'キhey Hv— vriひnot tolerateradaldば; ferencき.Willwe sふlVe T&cism )?,eliniina^in8^ rape I? Will,ももry to prevent 1iふvも勿:h1"the nもxt genei>a"onぉy ateriliBing U>e poor and the disadvantaged ?
As you can $ee froSi these' quick examples, we .oaiinot .glib-Ijr.o^ume.. that 、Qana^汰.'ii: a/l"d of freedom and tdぉran(je. We mus》recognizeわ hat our history tolls': us that: must' enstH-も tha/t cemin 'trayestiぉnever h«p-p印a gain and that weu(Sもre-asori, not thelazines^bf anti-Ameri0an,self-satiさfacti9in, for eズainplも,before this"wiliever be "The true north, strong and free."
These social.prひblems.抑3 so 二 lutklns posed by. :the .posさible' biologies! 、basis .ctf '-behayiour amd hiitelligence'. ':ai:e enormously complex'.抑d, require: extensive, wisaひin ana co拜assi,on. !4xewト. :66, the problenv ..of ciぉzen • participation m:(lecisiひn.s. regarding
■ technology:'will,n<yt 'be. .solvM simply. B .the幼.,p robleu;Is 二 will nひキgo away. I have o\itlined t\vo i幼ueg which worry me in 'pairtiq"lar.. But the ohaotipally chain ginおwo rid willface you with numerous other problems requiring equally carefulthou-gM — wcwneii,sliberation, a'boption, nu clear energy, a-static e-conon[iy, .zero:populatloii:.g;rowth,-big brother computer?, <irug de-pendence,.:][o6S - of.: digiiity -in:.'wo--rk,'and:'oil and on. These, problems 柳nwyw^ps.
In spite or the d,f€Cte and lim|itatioils you may:,have felt, in tlvis ■--university,ッour fou?" years .'have '.intVoduced you. to 'many ..new ..peiaplもノwit;h, — a: wiふ':vari6" ty of experie&cもbatkground .ideas. — :'teaclier8, st.ud抑ts, :peo~ 'ple:.of all畔e gi:pups. ahd..social <4$ss€5. Each ye^r you eii(immte" i"ed newぉelds,n&w contects, ilew ii^oiinatUm to widen your perspective. Ubraびli衫ぉ-yen.'ymi.access, tひ■ treasures of
on. Thus your gi^uationミnciiea-} ses oMr —in to br^wnbut tt"won,t be幼y good to uきunless you use your hc:&ds, easeful1め —ーthe nex^ yeai;s. You be-
lirsociety *o iise your privik-ged yゅs at iinhrersityt6ore» ate , society dignity, kive, 幼d com];MiJ9sほThe feeiiefiite w^U utt4mfite!y be y<^urs. Cong-ratulotioAs, gi?adu&ting cisias of 1974.
KAZUO G.OIYE Q.C.
Th沐T. Onizukcr, Q.CX
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