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Canadian English-Jewish Weekly
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VOL, XXXIV
MONTREAL, JUNE 10, 1
No. 38
German Offer Paves Way For New Repayment Talks
The conference between Jewish an4 West German representatives appeared on June 10 to have ended satisfactorily, and it was virtually certain that the Bonn Government would offer a program of restitutions to Israel amounting to $716,-000,000, payable over a period of seven or eight years, says the New York Times.
The proposed amount would defray the cost of resettling Jewish refugees in Israel. The Israeli Gov-, ernment originally had requested $1,000,000,000 from Western Germany. Although no Israeli repre-.- eeatatives took part in the meeting, conditions for resuming negotiations in The Hague on June ',.- 28 were understood to have been ;V worked out.
On behalf of the Conference on :v Jewish Material Claims against ;j� Germany, Dr. Nahum Goldmann, ^: head of the World Jewish Con-. ig&r> Cress, met for two hours with j^&' Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and ^/ leading Bonn authorities, as well " "' �s Parliamentary representatives. Dr. Goldmann accepted the Ger-m proposals as the basis for ne-pgotietions for his group, and indigested that Israel She would accept The Jewish claims conference requested $500,000,000 to cover to the world Jewish cora-to&ity of heirless Jewish property Germany.
An additional request mad* by conference refers to legislation sponsored by the Bonn Gov-it, providing indemnification-individual Jews or Jewish fami-who suffered at the hands of Nazi regime,
t has been stressed that claims Jewish organizations and indi-Jews represented by the ence, as well as the Israel are material claims and be construed as a moral of the wrong, to Jewry
also met Prof. ., head of the Bonn negotiatta* committee; Prof. Walter Hallstein, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs; Hermann J. Aba, Irtader of the West German delegation to the international debts conference in London, which resumed, and several Deputies belonging
to the Government coalition.
The proposal worked out by Dr. Adenauer and his aides had yet to be approved by the Cabinet, but the Chancellor expressed conviction that this would be achieved. Finance. Minister -Fritz Schaef-fer, who figured largely in some of the difficulties encountered by the Western Allies during the negotiations on contractual conventions, is known to have- opposed previously most of the restitution proposals, reports the New York Times.
The program agreed upon is understood to conform largely to the proposals originally worked out by Professor Boehm after the first talks in The Hague broke down last April. At that time Israel quit the parley, complaining that the Germans had sought to tie restitution payments to a formula for paving their commercial debts.
Professor Boehm's proposal provides for payments to be made chiefly in goods that can be used-immediately to help overcome Israel's present financial straits.
After Dr. Adenauer had left the new meeting, Dr. Goldmann stayed behind with Herr Abs and other technicians to discuss some of the details of the German proposal. The presence of coalition representatives appeared to assure majority support when the settlement came up for ratification in Parliament.
The principle has been stressed by Israel and the Jewish organizations and accepted by the West German Government that the restitutions cannot be considered to be an indemnification for Crimea of the Hitler regime against the Jew*.
In May the Frankfurter AHgiemeine Zeitune published a front page editorial as-serting that while it believed � restitutions to I
"~ � ty. The paper ____
sor Boehm on �his point
By contrast, the pro-Government Generalanzeiger in Bonn denounced Professor Boehm and Dr. Otto Kuester and demanded to know whether they were representing the Bonn> Government or (Continued on Page Sixteen)
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U.S. Gets Saudi Arabia To Lift Trade Ban On Jews
The action of the U.S. State Department securing modification of the Saudi Arabian decree against trade with Jews of other lands "is deserving of the warmest commendation, but the problem of the boycott still stands for Jews in> other lands, and even for American citizens whose firms are represented in Israel, said Dr. Maurice L. Perlzweig, World Jewish Congress consultant to the United Nations. His organization, which represents Jewish communities in more than 60 nations, will continue to press for a hearing in the UN Economic and Social Council on the Saudi Arabian policy, which he charged is in "direct violation" of the United Nations Charter.
Hailing the State Department's action, taken despite "the complexities of a difficult situation," as a demonstration that the American government, "in accordance with its traditional policy will not tolerate any discrimination by foreign governments against its own citizens whatever their race or creed," the World Jewish Congress spokesman warned that the "problems created by the Saudi Arabian boycott are still very far from being solved." The situation "remains unchanged as far as Jews of British, Italian or other nationalities are concerned/' he said, charging theft the Saudi Arabian decrees have "no commercial or economic justification," are "clearly and deliberately designed to serve political purposes," and 'have in effect "resulted in the export of discrimination to other countries."
The Saudi Arabian delegation to the United Nations, Dr. rtrlzweig asserted, succeeded in blocking the efforts �f the W^iid Jewiah C*a-
PW��� ;�ivuf ��� ��" i . � '" '�*
stltant totbeTJNerganizatiofi, sought review of the tjoycott as a violation of Articles 55 and 56 of the Charter, which oblige the UN and its member governments to promote universal observance of human rights and freedoms, without discrimination as to race, sex, language or religion. Citing precedents for such review, including previous actions initiated bv his organization, the WJCongress spokesman stated that Saudi Ara-(Continued on Page Sixteen)
People Take Loan As Part Of New Poky
Israelis lined up in long, quiet queuea outside banks beginning at noon 0� June 9 to exchange old money for new � minus the 10 per cent tkftt they must lend tte Government. Police cars dfttribut-ed largfe boxes containing the new money and extra police stood 'guard 'at the entrances to banks as the money was carried in. Meanwhile, all bank accounts were frozen until the forced loan on those exceeding �50 can be calculated, says the New York Times.
The unthediate effect of the currency reform was hardest on the "little man" who had to lend the Govertttoent 10 per cent of his bank account above �60, Israeli, or of his holdings in �5 notes or larger note* while the "big fellow," with larger reserves, contributed the same percentage,
This^ras the point made by left* wing cfities. Government supporters coiild reply, however, that a better $�trOmtion of the burden would rtdult from the forced loan soon* to be required from property owneri ..�oaaje of whom may have escaped vjfee effects of the presenc their bank accounts
Reform Leader Calls On
�**'
Liberals To Resist Thought Control Undaunted
accepted'^
the pubHe and press �ttasure aj another
stage ft- 'tie *ew economic policy that tig Oofromeoi introduced
"
last pound prices libe ; living* m bitter T>�;
IS. As when the to raise the _ goods and de-the standard of co*pM9t*ters saw the
� aeesaaenr form of
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newspaper,
Rabbi Philip S. Bernstein, president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, warned a t Buffalo, N. Y., that thought control, intimidation, guilt by smear and association were becoming increasingly prevalent and constituted a serious threat to democratic concepts. He called upon liberals to "resist this repression with clear mind and with undaunted heart."
His presidential report marked the opening of the sixty-third annual meeting of the organization, which represents the leaders of Reform Judaism in the United States and Canada. Some 400 rabbis gathered for sessions on: the impact of Israel on the American Jew, the influence of American culture o& Judaism, the rabbinical attitude on foreign policy, and the relationship of church and state, reports the New York Times.
Dr. Bernstein emphasized that the American people must adhere to "freedom of thought and speech, the cross-fertilization of ideas, the exploration of new ways,"
The principal task of the Liberal, Dr. Bernstein held, "is to keep alive the sense of social responsibility, to maintain the free and open mind, and to plunge courageously into the troubled streams of. life." He declared that liberalism was under attack "from the Left and from the Right, and from within," and added that "Communism's police state with its ruthless terror and its self-perpetuating dictatorship is clearly the fate of the free man's life and moat he resisted."
The Ctaflvrence's head called fe*
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support of Israel by American Jews, but stressed that the roots of American Jews "are deep here, our contributions are many and rich."
"Individual American Jews," he declared, "for reasons of their own, can still settle in Israel to share the new life there. But the American Jewish community as a whole has the right and the duty to maintain its life here. There need be no conflict, but mutual fructification."
Dr. Bernstein asserted that the responsibilities of rabbis had increased by the establishment of Israel as a nation. "We must take these 5,000,000 American Jews, no longer to be sustained by infusions of new blood or ancient institutions from Europe, and like Moses, mold them into a religious community," he said.
Rabbi Joseph L. Fipli, vice president of the organization, declared the "successive waves of suspicion and intolerance are destroying many landmarks of our liberal civilization. At this very time in history, unless � we are zealous in defense, of human- dignity and human freedom, we shall find ourselves at &dr grave. This will mean at the grave* of many millions of awn as welL"
Rabbi Ferdiaaad M. Isserman, of St Louis, Missouri, national chairmen c* the coaMned campaign of tfc* Won ef American Hebrew Coafr�f*4tona and the Hebrew Union Coflef*-J�wi�h laetifeate of Retiffiett. the ceatral bodies of American* iteform Jttda-im, retorted thai �*�� ttaa $1,-, already had tot* rtttc*
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U.N. Fanning Body Honors U.S. Economist
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization honored at Rome, Italy, the late American economist and philanthropist, David Lubin, as its "precursor" and spiritual founder. The sixty-five member states dedicated the David Lubin Memorial Library of more than 400,000 volumes which will recall to posterity the "foutvder of the International In-stitute of Agriculture and pioneer of international collaboration for peace and justice throughout the world."
Mr. Lubin, who died in 1919, was the son of immigrants from Poland who settled in Sacramento, Calif. His idea of founding an international organization dedicated to protecting the economic interests of farmers and TmWoving standards of living everywhere in the world, received the support of King Victor Emmarvu^l III of Italy who provided the money to create the International Institute of Agriculture in Rome. It was inaugurated in 1905.
\Vben the Food and Agriculture Organization was created, it absorbed the International Institute of Agriculture. The greater part of the volumes in the library were from the institute. To them were added 20,000 volumes belonging to the Food and Agriculture Organisation and 30,000 more of the former International Forestry Center. The library is said to be the largest of its kind in- Europe, says the New York Times.
The library was dedicated with speeches by Morris E. Dodd and Osvaldo di Castro, reflpectirtly the United States director general and the Brazilian president of the council of the Food and Agriculture Organization; the Italian Minister of Agriculture, Amiatore Fanfaoi, and by United fttatee Ambassador Ellsworth Bosket.
Dr. MordecaiM. Kaplan, Professor of Philosophies at the Jewish Theological Seminary, in New York, proposed the convening of a "Jewish world council" to^ forma-late a new covenant on international Jewish unity.
At the same time, he recommended that all activities of local American Jewish organizations and institutions "be carried on as functions of the entire local community." Dr. Kaplan was one of several Jewish educators who spoke at a two-day conference at the Commodore Hotel, under the auspices of the Zionist Organization of America, on "Creative Jewish Living."
The council he envisioned would concern itself with "the form which Jewish unity should henceforth take so a? to embrace the Jewish community in Israel with its maximal Jewish life and the Jewish communities in the rest of the world with their limited opportunities for self-expression and creativity a? Jews."
In a different viewpoint on Jewish community life, Dr. Salo W. Baron. Professor of Jewish History and Literature at Columbia University, lauded the development of unregulated American Jewish communal organization. He called the American voluntarist community system a "revolutionary transformation" from the "secular, national" structures of Jewish communities in central and eastern Europe. He added that, while the present freedom seemed at ti'oes to threaten "to engulf the community in total anarchy," it had made the Jewish community more cohesive than ever before.
Dr. Baron noted that in all western countries, outside of Israel, "the Jewish communities are increasingly reshaping themselve? along American lines, permeated with the pioneering spirit."
Dr. Abraham I. Katsh, Professor of Hebrew Culture and Education at New York University, proposed an expenditure of $5,000,000 by Jewish federations and welfare funds to endow chairs of Hebrew learning in American universities. S. Charney.Niger, president of the Jewish Kultor Congress, predicted that the Yiddish language and culture would continue to flourish. He declared that Yiddish was still "the best language of intercommunication among the Jews in various countries." Dr. Joseph Tenenbsum, chairman of the Z. 0. A. Committee on Community Organization, who presided, �aid that a major real wa� to reactivate Jewish community life.
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