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Tries To Ease Lot (Became "Statesman Of Efite Guard i Of Finance" Killers
Religious affiliation hM raott accurate"1 social indicator M, how many children a eoutie ititt have, according: to a study Djr theOf flee of Population Research at Prince' ton University, reports .the New York Time*. A preliminary report of the finding* was released. Tike six-year study, caUed "Family Growth In Metropolitan America*' was conducted by Dr. Charles F. Westoff; Dr. Robert G. Potter, Jr.: Dr. Philip C 9agi; �nd Dr. Elliot G. MishTer.
Although data are still 'being analysed, Dr. Westoff said it was already clear that "religion is the social attribute of greatest single importance" in determining the number ox children desired, the spacing of children, and the choice and effectiveness of contraceptives.
The matter of whether a couple is Roman Catholic, Jewish, Protestant or of mixed religions is more decisive than the husband's job category, the family's economic level, or any of approximately seventy other "socio-economic attitudes and . personality variables," Dr. Westoff said.
"For example, Jews who were interviewed begin contraception earliest after marriage, use the most effective methods, have the longest birth Intervals, and report fewest unplanned pregnancies/' he said. "Roman Catholic* are at the opposite extreme of thla and Protestants arej^jthe
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era!, Dr. Westoff said, Cath-ijfranted tUtftra families, Je#� the smallest. In mixed Protestant-Roman Catholic marriages, the number of children desired by couples who were, marrjed by a priest fell, on the average, between the numbers desired by Protestant and Roman Catholic couples, says the New York Times. Those not married by a priest expressed preferences identical with those of Protestant couples.
Among Roman Catholic couples, however, the study revealed sharp differences between ntunber of children desired and those they actually had. This difference was related to whether the couple's education was predominantly in religious or in secular institutions.
Family goals of Roman Catholic couples educated in secular schools are more, like those of Protestants than like those of their fellow Catholics, the study indicated.
The survey also showed, Dr. Westoff reported, that "cautiousness, with heavy emphasis upon education, appears to he the main factor relevant to the fertility of Jewish couples,
"It is only among the Jewish groups that couples refrain from desirln; children in the family Want to bej*W<rW �en<
The Soviet Union accused the West German Government of pr>r
i Jerome Lewine, senior partner ':' of H. Hents 6 Co� members of the New York Stock Exchange, died in New York at Mount Sinai Hospital, in his seventy-eighth year.
Says Most Serious Threat To U.S. Religious Freedom Is Break-Up Of People's Moral Sense
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venting the presentation of esieivJ **^n�,_, *naiP,trnB<i ,re** tial evidence at the trial of twelv^Mdences in White Plains and at former Nasi S.S. men charged j 48� Park Avenue in New York, with committing war crimes in fi 'Known widely as one of the Byelo-Russia; in Cobleni, Westl^d�r. statesmen of the financial Germany, says the New York � Mr. Lewine began his as-
Tiraes. Testimony has been hear^f**!*01* wi� JS�nt" con**� from Germans and witnessses [n 190P H of fifteen. He was brought from several foreign coun- f> jo� in Brooklyn on February 4, tries, including Israel. * 188o> 8on �* Joseph and lone
., . . . . , Lewine. but spent his boyhood in
The chief defendant is Georg i Waco, Texas Heuser, who was arrested while ' � . ' . . � T serving as a police official in the I Before he waa M� Le-
West German administration.w�"� was �%�ae^tln* �� %nt* Heuser and his fellow defendants v Company on the_ floor of the New are charged with complicity in the -murder of thousands of civilians, mostly Jews, in the region of l Minsk during the Nasi occupation; ',
York Produce Exchange, and by the time he was twenty-three he was a governor of that exchange, says the New York Times. He be-� - vt-r canie a partner in 1916 and on the Leonid N. Zamyatin, chief ox tw'i retirement of . the late Henry Press Department in the; Soviet f Hente in 1918, Mr. Lewine became Foreign Ministry, told a newar^ojb*! senior partner.
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attend the trial. >S market and obtained membership
Mr. Zamyatin said, "Thi* daM in the New York Exchange cision cannot be assessed otherwhtfy through a merger with the broker-than as a desire on ^e part of eer*lv, age firm of Baruch Brothers, tain West German quarters to JBWraf which had been organised in
*�; Mr, Lewine and Dr. Hermafr B.
Baruch were senior copartners of W; <ihe merged firm for many years. 4 The head firm, whicK did strict-y ty a commission-house business |v until 1950, today covers every as-t pect of the securities btxsinees and '"*~x^ins offices in Boston. Chi-Pitteburgh, Detroit Miami
row down the trial to avoid appraisal and of the 8.9.-.%] was Hitler*s,e4lte
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M Negotiator Fails To Break
Deadlock, Resigns
Dr. Joseph E. Johnson has resigned after ten months of trying to persuade the Arab states and Israel to adopt a new approach toward settling the Palestine refugee problem. He took on the United Nations negotiating effort last spring and conducted talks at the U.N. and in the Middle East, says the New York Times. He intends to return to his full-time position as president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
His resignation means apparently that intensified efforts will be made to work through the usual diplomatic channels rather than through an individual negotiator. This will be undertaken in the Middle Eastern countries but primarily in Washington, since the United States has taken the lead in pushing for a settlement
Many diplomats at the U.N. have been expecting Dr. Johnson to leave the picture at least for now since it has been clear that neither the Arab states nor Israel gave his proposals any encouragement Opposition from both, in fact, led to an argument during the recent General Assembly session not to publish his proposals officially, although the general lines became known.
In essence, he advised a new formula for seeking permanent homes for the Arabs who were uprooted by 1948 Palestine War and who have been living in the Arab states that border on Israel Among- other ideas, he proposed that refugees be gives opportunities to express a preference for several alternatives: repatriation to Israel or resettlement in the Arab lands or
however, ap-not alter the bask
four
iths after thf birth of their second child. The .same couples were Interviewed again last spring "as a check on how'well we were able to forecast the timing and occurrence of the thirff pregnancy," according to fhe report,
The sponsor of the study is the Milbank Memorial Fund. Grants have been provided by die Carnegie Corporation and the Population Couneil, Inc., says the New York Times. The initial findings will be published by the Princeton University Press.
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tended by Wpr^etititfoes of7
Byelo-Russian CawfcBsion for the investigation of War crimes and by Soviet citizen*. These citisens stated that they had witnessed the Nasi mass murders and that the Coblenz defendants participated.
Charging that the Coblenz proceedings had been so organised as to "whitewash the defendants," Mr. Zamyatin said the news conference had been called to expose them as "perpetrators of grave crimes*' who were being protected by highly placed persons.
(Continued on Page Seven)
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The "legend of the, 'Founding Fathers' of Christian 'America... is a lie, which is used to justify sometimes bad citisenship and degenerate religion." -J* religious conference was tola in Washington, D.C.. in an attatk on early New England church leaders.
The speaker was Dr. Franklin H. Littell, professor of {Church History at the Chicago ; Theological Seminary, says the New York Herald Tribune, and he Was addressing 120 scholars, educators, clergymen, and public officials at the First National Institute on Religious Freedom and Public Affairs.
Dr. Littell said: fProtestants must forever bury the pernicious legend of the 'Founding Fathers' ..." He added that j the liberty these New England leaders sought was for their own brand of religion and that they persecuted persons of other faiths.
The Institute is a project of the National Conference o|F Christians and Jews and financedby the Ford Foosiddtion. 1
Such controversial^ topics as birth control, the Supreme Court's decision on prayer) in public schools, Christmas Hageants in schools, Federal aasis&nce to certain elements of parochial school procedures, shared tit recent racial crises are among many explored by the delegates. \lJ
Secretary of Healtf, Education and Welfare Anthe� J. Celebres-s� addressed a &Wm and at a lu�<B�eo_the e�W;fpeaker was l^^^SmpSistint to
rather "the gradual and steady disintegration of the moral sense of the people."
Msgr. Ellis added that Roman Catholic teachings upon such subjects as birth control, abortion, censorship of books and films, and the majority Catholic view on federal aid for parochial schools are in conflict with the position of many Americans and will undoubtedly cause some tensions. But, he added, that charitable concern and courteous consideration of their fellow citizens is the best guaranty of the continuance of religious freedom in America.
The Institute opened with a reception to BOO delegates by Dr. Lewis Webster Jones, president of the National Conference of Christians and Jews, and a former president of Rutgers University, says the New York Herald Tribune. At this reception Dr. Jones sounded the Institute's keynote by saying (Continued on Page Seven)
Mr. Lewine-. was instrumental in organizing the New York Rubber Exchange and other commodity exchanges. In 1993 he became the first president of the new Commodity Exchange.
He was active in numerous charities, but one of his deepest interests for many years was the Jewish Guild for the Blind, of which he was honorary president for many years. He was also an active supporter of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies, the
(Continued on Page Seven)
gatign $ PhiUdc$M>^9ot ^ New York HeraW Tribune, sal that secularists, i.e., laymen/ courts, and government officials, have done uwe to promote religious liberty, in the U.S. than religious groups have done.
The Rt Rev. John Tracy Ellis, professor of church history at the Catholic University of America, said the most serious threat to religious freedom in the United States is not the insistence of any one religious group in pursuance of its objectives and in defiance of citizens of other faiths, but is
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