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LEADERS DEPLORE SPREAD OF SECTARIANISM FROM JEWISH coimuwTY
TO CAMPUS AS A DIVISIVE
WEAKENING TIES
Man
On Mass Austfiwit Allies;Is
.Leaders of the Bnai Brith Hillel Foundation said in Washington that "denominational separatisms" in the adult American Jewish community threatened to spread to the college campus.
Rabbi Benjamin M. Kahn, national director of the Hillel Foundations, deplored the "growing efforts to fragmentize" Jewish youth along sectarian lines, says the New York Times. He termed the move a "divisive approach that tends to dilute, not strengthen, the students' ties to Jewish people-hood."
This increasing emphasis on separatism. Rabbi Kahn said in a report, also points up a "striking paradox." lit tends, he said, to weaken intra-Jewish relationships among students at a time "when genuine approaches to mutual understanding," intensified by the spirit of ecumenism prevalent in the Christian world, are developing between Christian and Jewish campus institutions.
American Judaism is divided along Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform lines, each with its own religious ideology and separate institutions.
Rabbi Kahn's concern was echoed by members of the Hillel Foundations' staff, almost all of them rabbis whose personal convictions embrace the religious diversities, and by laymen attending the annual meeting of the Hillel Foundations' National Commissions, which opened a jtwo-day
United States and abroad � has been the single Jewish religious institution ministering to the reli-
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A Czechoslovak witness at t� Western allies that Hitler meant Auschwitz trial at Frankfurt* $ef� to carry out �histhwatl ' many, said that SS camp irtutfd* dering world Jewry, had gouged out the eyes of rofttf, Whiia at y
and cut off women** as a
ewish students.
The Hiltel policy has been to advocate none of the specific options in Judaism, to encourage all, says the New York Times, and to require the rabbi who supervises Hillel activities on campus to fulfill the particular religious needs of the students, regardless of his own orientation.
The expanding trend toward sectarianism was attributed by Rabbi Kahn to the "greater mobility and sense of security' experienced by an American Jewish community "no longer hemmed in by the external pressures of anti-Semitism and free to move in its1 diverse ways."
The trend has spread to the college campus, he said, because the 305,000 Jewish students have numerically become an important segment 01 the Jewish community.
The concept of "religious pluralism" is valid and traditional, Rabbi Kahn said, but the "ideals of pluralism" are lost when sectarian competition strives te "separate and compartmentalize" the college group.
He said that too many Jewish youths were exposed to only one view of Jewish life in their religious upbringing and thereby "fail to understand or accept the meaning of a pluralistic approach to Judaism," says the,*New York
ty to a rettftous ition rather than loyalty to Judaism -itself."
Th* Hillel Foundations � established by Bnai Brith forty-two years ago and now a two million dollar program operating, somewhat like a chaplaincy, at two "hundred and fifty colleges in the
Prague post office worker was sent by the Nazis to the con* eentration camp in 1948, told tti court he had seen the mutilate* prisoners' bodies after they-,ha< been shot in the courtyard outsld the notorious "death bunker" a the camp.
Professor Nicolai Alexeyey, Dean of the Law Faculty of Len> ingrad University, bad earlier been asked by the presiding judge to use his influence so that tnft 40-volume "death register" at Auschwitz, now in the Soviet Statfe Archives in Moscow, says the don Times, could be photocopied 6t help the German court.
The man who gave the world? its first eye witness report oft mass gassings in Auschwitz retol* his experiences in the Nazi death, factory at Germany's largest war, crime trial, says the New York Herald Tribune. After escaping' during the war, he wrote an ae� count of Auschwitz addressed to, President Franklin Roosevelt/ Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Pope Pius XII.
He used the name Rudolf Vrba) an adopted name he retains. H$ was born Walter Rosenberg in Czechoslovakia.
Mr. Vrba corroborated similar testimony by during the eu
After months of watching untold thousands of Jews sent to their deaths, Mr. Vrba and another man made one of the few successful escapes from Auschwitz, and got to Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
"We met there with the Papal Nuncio, who with a commission of six jurists, questioned us for days before we drew up our report on Auschwitz. Copies were sent to the Pope. Roosevelt, Churchill, and to the Jews of Budapest in an attempt to warn them of what was in store for them at the bands of Adolf Eichmann."
Eichmann was hanged by order of an Israeli court in 1962, says the New York Herald Tribune. The original copy of Mr. Vrba's report is in Washington.
Dr. Laternser and Herr Stei-oacker, defending counsel in the Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt, announced that they intend to submit ewMence by Josef Cyrankief wica, the Polisn Prime Minister, an behalf of Klaus D jlewski, says. t% London Times, one of those bang tried on charges of taking part *p selections at the Auschwitz Camp and in the murder of Russian commissars.
STATURE OF ESIfiKOL ARi ED; BEN-CURION OT BUDGE FROM HIS ClMPAICN TO REVERSE EXONERATION OF
central com-kol a unani-a new Gov-the Cabinet
The Mapai P mittee gave mous mandate to ernment to suc< which fell wheff h* resigned as Prime Minister. Davfd Ben-Gurion, the former fomented the cr the resignation ,b directive to Mr. ! 'new inquiry into of 1954, says the endorsed the nomi ter.
However, Mr.
minister, who
which led to
king a party
ol to order a
Lavon affair
ndon Times,
tion in a let-
-Gurion said he will not be bulged from his
M, an
_ ___^..^ is* member of
the National .Commission, said it was to be expected that "since individual differences exist and must be retained, there would be campus groups reflecting the differences.
(Continued on Page Seven)
son, as they do not but they
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campaign to exonerating Pinl mer Defence " sponsibility for ity action in question of it era In the party supported Mr. that the Cm to decide, and 6} Mr. Ben-Gnrion toted for a recommendation that W&fair be rein-vestigafed.
Mr. Eshkol accepted the nomination and an^otto^ed that he would form the Buw-^MJition of Socialist and Rellgjoito Parties, says the Londpn TiuMr'tf$&the same Min-aa t&f ttHging Cabinet.
the decision von, a for-from re-;rous secur-the decisive
iry, 124 vot-committee
bl's position
Ten freedom 'porters of
ien
Knesset (Parliament). It has been apparent that he had retained also some of his former political power. After weeks of rumbling controversy, Mr. Ben-Gurion threatened to split the Mapai party over the question of whether the Lavon affair should be reopened.
The Lavon affair concerns the-circumstances surrounding the resignation of Defense Minister Pin-has Lavon in February, 1956. At the time no reason was given, but it followed an investigation into "a disastrous security operation" � for which the Defense Minister would normally be held responsible, says the New York Times. This is presumed to refer to the activities of an Israeli spy-ring uncovered by the Egyptian authorities during tiie summer of 1964, and charged win trying to disrupt relations be th* U.S. b* pfc U.S. offices in Cairo.
Mr. Lavon became a subject of controversy in I960 when allegations were made that false evidence had been used against him during the investigations. Despite Premier Ben-Gurioa's opposition oa the grounds that it was a mat' ter for a judicial not a political in quiry, the Cabinet appointed a
$�n Ifgypt and ig bombs in
tiras daily in 19447
Mr. Vrba, a research scientist in biochemistry at the British Medical Research Council, was sent to Auschwitz as a seventeen-year-old Jewish prisoner in 1942. He escaped on April 17, 1944, and wrote a report of Nazi atrocities in Auschwitz which convinced the
At twelve tonight, when the pea! of bells fills the land from coast to coast, Birks of Canada will be wishing you well for 1965.
May all that is symbolic of the New Year bring to each of you happiness, good health and greater achievements ...as well as confidence in the future of our Canadian way of life.
PRESIDENT
and Herr Berth&td Beitz, general manager of Krupp, in Warsaw on January 23, 1961.
Mr. Cyrankiewicz, who was a leader of the Polish underground in the camp, is said to have stated that Dylewski had discovered his escape plans, and interrogated him on several occasions. But he allowed the case to get lost in the sands.
"He could have killed me", Mr. Cyrankiewicz reportedly said, "for attempted flight was punishable with death. But he did not do it. And I owe to him at least that I am able to carry out my present activities."
The state prosecutor said that this alleged statement by the Pol-
i's behalf has
�
i***�"* " "~w iriove had
been expected. Mr; Eshkol add his fellow ministers bad served as a caretaker Government since the Premier's resignation in a dispute with former Premier David Ben-Gurion. Mr. Ben-Gurion sought to reopen a controversial ten-year-old security affair.
Parliament supported the restoration of Mr. Eshkol and his Cabinet by a vote of 59-to-36. There were nine abstentions. The division was strictly along coalition-opposition lines although one opposition party, Mapam, abstained.
Both the ministers and the composition of the political parties forming the new Government were identical to those of^he old. The
been known to the prosecution for some time. He said it was surprising, if it were really as weighty as the defence claimed, reports the London Times, that it had not been invoked earlier in the proceedings.'
Stanislas Kaminski, a Warsaw journalist, told the court: "Shooting, drowning, and the beating of inmates to death was, in the punishment company, part of our daily bread." He accused Dylewski of ordering the "kapos" (criminals entrusted with watching the political inmates) of the punishment company to dispose of all the Jews. He said that they had been savagely beaten to death in the camp gravel pits.
About twenty were killed with special bestiality. The kapos trod on the throats of those who had been beaten down. One of them. Kaminski said, had put in a good word for a Jewish youth. He was summoned to Dylewski who spoke to him, sent him away, and shot him in the back asjhe was leaving. *
The court ordered a member of the public out of the room for shouting, after Dr. Laternser, in cross-examining the Polish witness had asked: "And what time was it?"
Joseph Neumann, of Skokie, Illinois, * former inmate of the camp, described a dramatic escape attempt in which m block leader took part The latter helped ftl] the others to e*c�p* and went back to assist Neumann. It ended for him in the death bunker. Neumann himself was for weeks atteallr tortured by Pery __, another of tfe� accused, who his head while an && maa
__. UM work, gay� the Lo&doa
Taw*. Neumann aaU one of hit uoei crottOae Jobe in the Birke-nan eaaqp had been to eotrat entry morobyr thott inmate* who had ttddde
only change" w'aT Akiva Govrin, formerly Minister Without Portfolio, as Minister of Tourism, a new _
The parties in Ae*new coalition regime remained me Mapai, Ach-dut Havoda, Poalel J^guaat Israel and National Relisous groups. There has been littlelgnse of crisis since Mr. Eshkol'a resignation, a move that undermined Mr. Ben-Gurion's attempt to force the old Government to reopen the Lavon affair.
The central figure in the affair was Pinhas Lavon, who was Minister of Defense in the Government of former Premier Moshe Sharett, says the New York Times, when a security mission . outside Israel ended in disaster fa 1964.
Israeli censorship has barred a disclosure of details of the affair. It was said to have involved an espionage and sabotage mission in Cairo that was uncovered by the Egyptians, with subsequent heavy sentences for the participants. The mission's objective was said to have been the stirring of anti-Egyptian feeling in the United States.
Poor years later a special ministerial committee, of which Premier Eshkol was a member, cleared Mr. Lavon of responsibility in the security mishap.
Mr. Ben-Gurion bitterly disagreed both with the functions and the findings of the special committee. He has vowed to continue his quest for a new inquiry.
For most of the time after its foundation in 1943 David Ben. Gurion was the dominant figure in the state of Israel. Re was its first Premier, with just two yeart out of office between 1963 and 1955 because of disagreement* within his Mapai (Labor) party, until June, 1963, when he retiffned "for personal reaconay intimating that he wished U retire to a life of writing and educational works.
Levi Eshkol, whom Mr. Ben-Gurion had been grooming fet the became Premier in ha
committee of investigafion, the result of wttch was a full exoneration o< Sifc4*fiptt* -� � -'-�--
Prertder Ben-Sarlon alone In the Cabinet refused to accept tM�' verdict and resigned. This precipitated a year-long political crisis that entailed parliamentary elections before a new permanent government, again under Mr. Ben-Gurhm, could be formed.
Even after his resignation last year Mr. Ben-Gurion pursued the matter, demanding another inquiry because, be claimed, there was fresh evidence which would reverse the findings of the 1960 committee.
His reasons for persistence were thought to lie in a desire to settle old political scores and clear his own name in the affair. A section of the party supported him but Premier Eshkol. along with the
sriValler coal-
TTibn partners, preferred to let the matter rest.
Finding his position increasingly untenable, Mr. Eshkol resigned the Premiership. It turned out. however, to be a shrewd tactical move. There was no obvious alternative candidate and, with elections due next year. Mapai was unwilling to appear divided.
A party council meeting, from which Mr. Ben-Gurion was absent, gave Mr. Eshkol a vote of confidence, says the New York Times, thus clearing the way for him to be reappointed with his political stature and power increased as a result
Mr. Eshkol'a stand has drawn strong support from an Israeli public hitherto apathetic toward the Mapai power struggle but tired and apprehensive at the thought of an "affair" renewal, says the New York Herald Tribune. "We want Eehkol" rallies have been held.
Even many who believe that Mr. Ben-Gurion really presented new evidence about-the security bungle, agree with Mr. Eshkol's warning that a new investigation could "open a Pandora's Box which could result in a disastrous chain of events."
The coalition parties of Mr. Eshkol's collapsed government are solidly behind him. The opposition parties, by their violent attacks on Mr. Ben-Gnrion's demands�based perhaps more on old feuds than on the issue itself, found themselves in the unique position of being proxy Eshkol supporters.
Israel's press, primarily official organs of the political party spec-trum, are almost unanimous in their pleas to drop the "Affair." Their support of Mr. Eshkol ranges from oblique to direct. Da-Tar, the Mapai newspaper and the Ben-Gurion leaning Jerusalem Poet hare tried to remain neutral*
Israel's influential daily Haaxw eta hopes now for a new ment able to deal
ejesira------im aA-iieutm. uu�etei. OM
twelve not rtttre completely from politic*, since he. retained his seat i� the
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