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The Canadian Englisb-Jemsb Weekly
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VOL XXXI
MONTREAL, JULY 29, 1949
No. 44
I
Justice Sees Israel As Teacher Off Area
After touring the Middle Eastern countries Justice William 0. Douglas, of the United States Supreme Court, said at Haifa, Israel, that he had observed what he believed to be an awakening in the form of a political and economic renaissance that, if allowed to prosper, would give new meaning to the entire area.
He said he felt Israel, with her advanced civilization and scientific progress, could well be the nucleus of this potential movement.
Speaking before the Hebrew Institute of Technology, Justice Douelas said he foresaw Israel as the teacher of the Middle East
"Here in Israel great and stirring experiments are going on," he declared. "New and different projects in economic and social organization are going forward. They have great diversity. And in their diversity lies their great strength."
He said that in Israel "there is rejection of the feudal system that has long held the people of the Middle East in its grip", and "in Israel is a force that can give both direction and content to the social revolution that is on its way."
Justice Douglas had observed "rumblings of discontent, prophecies of tumultuous times to come and beginnings of vast social revolutions" in the Middle East. He felt that these forces of unrest had reached a point where they could not be turned back.
"Rulers will attempt to abolish them by decree," he continued. "Cabinets may offer palliative measures but the voice of these people will not long be stilled."
He declared that "these condi-
ly those ttaew as _______
itute of Technology. "You of Israel know what a people who have desire for an ideal can accomplish," he declared.
"There are now plans to reclaim great areas of land in this region," Justice Douglas continued. "Everywhere one goes in the Middle East he hears of these plans�flood control, drainage of swamps and sour lands and vast irrigation projects that will put unused land into cultivation. These projects are greatly needed. They must go forward (Continued on Page Seven)
U.S. Rabbi Says Soviet Clears Borders Of Jews
The Soviet Union was accused of uprooting thousands of Russian Jews from the Ukraine and White Russia in "brutal and sudden deportations" to clear its border zones for possible war.
In a letter sent to Trygve Lie, Secretary General of the United Nations, the American Jewish League Against Communism, Inc., charged that the Moscow Government had been dispatching secret police squads into the two republics to round up "the anti-totalitarian Jews," cram them into railroad cars and ship them to forced-labor camps in Archangel and Siberia.
The charge was made by the executive director of the league, Rabbi Benjamin Schultz, who told the House Committee on Un-American Activities recently that there was a deliberate Communist conspiracy to inflame religious and racial minorities against this country. Rabbi Schultz said he was appealing to Mr. Lie "in the name of humanity" to use United Nations facilities to end the "infraction of human rights."
Estimating that the total Jewish population affected by the alleged deportation program had reached 400,000 in the two republics, Rabbi Schultz said that Premier Stalin, like the Czar in 1914, was shifting the Jewish families because he did not trust their loyalty to his "tyrannical regime," and as suspected recalcitrants they must be kept safely in the interior "and not left at the borders when war threatens."
Specifically, on the issues of war preparations, the executive director of the Leagoe noted that "WWt� Jt**sia*5a tfe* Ukraine
There is a second motivation for the anti-Jtewish program, Rabbi Schultz contended, and that is the desire of the Kremlin authorities to appease the anti-Semites in an area where "anti-Semitism has always been strong." With the Soviet regime "currying favor" at the expense of the Jews, Rabbi Schultz continued, the Jewish masses are for the first time feeling the effect of Moscow's "new anti-Semitic policy, heretofore confined to the intellectual classes."
(Continued on Page Nine)
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OVER LEAF SAX MON
Israel Hopes To Reclaim Desert Area
Plans for harnessing water resources on a vast scale to transform much of the parched wastes of Israel's Negeb desert into a livable, crop-bearing region are outlined in detail in a report submitted for study during the first United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources.
Writing for the conference, which is opening at Lake Success on August 17, to provide worldwide exchange of views on how to enrich living standards through improved means of exploiting resources, S. irmay of the Hydraulics Laboratory at Haifa's Hebrew Institute of Technology predicts that that an all-out technical attack on the 3,000,000-acre desert can reclaim almost 600,000 acres for farming. It is to the Negeb that Israeli officials are looking to help solve their immigration problem and to strengthen the new state's agricultural and industrial potentialities, the New York Times reports.
The main obstacles hindering conversion of the sandy stretches into crop lands are lack of water and organic matter, Mr. Irmay notes, but by employing a sprinkling irrigation system the Jordan Valley authority alone can increase its present goal of 60,000 acres to 87,500 acres, enough to support an agricultural population of at least 60,000.
In addition to the proposed enlargement of the valley authority program, the Hebrew Institute expert suggests, another 500,000 acres of land in the Negeb could be enriched again by dry-farming methods, Which involve underground
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Numerous smaB-eised end medium-sized reservoirs are necessary to store imported water, the sparse rainfalls and the heavy night dews to supply sudden demand during hot spells, to conserve week-end surpluses and to regulate supply to meet local demands, Mr. Irmay declares.
The Israeli expert, who has travelled widely in the United States to study various conservation and irrigation systems that might be used in the new state, lists three possible approaches to answering the Negeb problem: establishment of the dry-farming system, development of a pipeline system to pump water from the coastal plains to reservoirs built on high places in the parched desert, and creation of the Jordan Valley authority, which envisages the building of twelve dams or reservoirs with an annual storage capacity of almost 300,000,000 cubic meters.
Is First Customs Man To Get Award
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Herman Lipski, deputy collector of customs in charge of the enforcement division at the Port of New York, became the first member of this agency to receive the Certificates for Meritorious Civilian Service. The award, made by Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snyder, was presented to Mr. Lipski by Edward H. Foley Jr., Under Secretary of the Treasury, at ceremonies in the rotunda of the Custom House, Bowling Green.
Accepting the award and a sterling silver lapel emblem, the 59-year-old deputy collector, who is rounding out a colorful career of nearly a quarter of a century as a customs officer, paid tribute to the hundreds of men who have worked directly under his supervision.
"If it had not been for their continued loyalty and oooperation," he said, MI would not have received this certificate,"
Mr. Foley, addressing 300 friends and associates of Mr. Lipski, said the presentation was being made for Mr. Lipski's "distinguished service, efficiency snd outstanding leadership."
The tail, rather heavy set boas of the enforcement division displayed extreme modesty in recounting the details of his long career. He toW of beginning as a clerk in 1925 and of his gradual rise.
He completely overlooked the moat important incidents of his entire service, namely, the innumerable and valuable infcoreopttoea ead eeiiaies of nereottea at this pert. In the teat tern ymn (Ctntkmti em Pf Thrm)
A.J.C. Is In Action Against Negro Ban
The New York State Court of Appeals, in a 4-to-3 decision, ruled that the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company had the right to bar Negroes from its Stuyvesant Town housing project. The high court affirmed lower court rulings dismissing an action brought by three Negro war veterans who had applied for apartments in the housing project
Also dismissed was a taxpayer suit brought by Shad Polier, vice-president of the American Jewish Congress, and son-in-law of the late Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, seeking to bar discrimination against Negroes in Stuyvesant Town and to restrain the city from granting tax exemption to Stuyvesant Town and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company unless they ceased their discriminatory policies.
Charles Abrams and Mr. Polier, counsel to the three Negroes who brought suit to compel the Stuyvesant Town Corporation to accept them as tenants, said on behalf of the plaintiffs and the American Jewish Congress, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the American Civil Liberties Union, who sponsored the suit, that an application would be made as soon as possible to the United States Supreme Court for a review of the Court of Appeal's decision upholding the Stuyvesant Town Corporation.
"The decision is particularly important," said Abrams and Polier, "because of recent federal legislation providing for federal loans and subsidies of $1,500,000,000 for urban redevelopment. Twenty-five States already have passed enabling legislation, and there are ample indications that such projects until
U.$. OSfiiOAL CAUTIONS ISRAELI AND ARAB STATES TO WIND UP DISPUTES
The United States cautioned Israel and the Arab states that they can come to terms peacefully if they really want to, and urged them to get together Anally and wind up their disputes.
The U.S. government is convinced there is no outstanding issue in Palestine which "is not susceptible of solution by peaceful means," Secretary of State Dean Acheson told his news conference in Washington, as reported by the New York Herald Tribune. He added, in a written statement, that the United States stands ready to extend firm and impartial assistance.
The signing of the Israeli-Syrian armistice at Haifa is further evidence that the contending parties can find ways to reach agreement, the Secretary said. "It is ray hope that this development will increase the possibility for the achievement of a final settlement," he added.
Mr. Acheson's statement was made in connection with resumption of activities at Lausanne, Switzerland, by the United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission, which i8 seeking to settle boundary and refugee questions now, dividing Israel as opposed to Egypt, the Lebanon, Syria and Trans-Jordan.
When the commission recessed last month, the United States was bringing pressure to bear on Israel
to make a major concession on the repatriation of Arab refugees, in order to create the proper climate for a general settlement. This pressure is still continuing, although with perhaps less heat than before. Israel, for one thing, agreed to allow heads of broken Arab families to return to their homes, a concession which will ease the lot of perhaps 25,000 of the 460,000 to 900,000 Arab displaced persons.
The over-all American aim is to restore peace and quiet in the Middle East before it explodes, a subject touched upon by Mr. Acheson. His full statement follows:
"On July 18, 1949, the U.N. Palestine Conciliation Commission, which is charged by the General Assembly under its resolution of December 11, 1948, with facilitating final settlement of all issues outstanding between Israel and the Arab states, reconvened in Lausanne after a brief recess. It will be recalled that the President on July 16 named the Honorable Paul A. Porter as United States Representative on the commission, to replace the Honorable Mark Ethridge who recently resigned that position in order to resume his activities as publisher of "The Louisville Courier-Journal."
"Since the military phases of the (Continued on Page Nine)
TURNING HE PAGES OF
CANADA UNLIMITED
strument for removing minorities from their homes and creating enforced ghettos,"
In the majority opinion, Judge Bruce Bromley asserted that the Legislature "deliberately and intentionally refrained from imposing any restriction upon a redevelopment company in its choice of tenants. Attempts repeatedly made in the Legislature since the law was enacted to alter the policy of the statute in this respect have failed.
"On the other hand," Judge Bromley added, "the Public Housing Law, which is applicable to state-constructed low-cost housing projects, expressly prohibits discrimination. There is no claim that the Legislature refused by amendment to make similar provision in the Redevelopment Companies Law because it thought the statute already barred discrimination, and it is undisputed, therefore, that the legislative intent is clear to leave private enterprise free to select tenants of its own choice."
In their arguments before the high court, the plaintiffs contended that discrimination against Negroes in Stuyvesant Town "is supported and made possible by state action" since construction of the project would not have been possible without exercise of the power of eminent domain, the power to dispose of public property, and tax exemptions, says the New York Times.
To the contention that "discrimination by private agencies is constitutionally forbidden when it is supported, or made possible by state action," Judge Bromley asserted :
"For years it has been unquestioned that the great prohibitions of the Fourteenth Amendment are addressed to that action alone which may fairly be said to be that of the States.
"The State of New York has consciously and deliberately refrained from imposing* any requirement of non-discrimination upon respondents as a condition to the granting of aid in the rehabilitation of substandard areas. Furthermore, it has deliberately refrained from declaring by legislation that the opportunity to purchase and lease real property without discrimination is a civil right
"To say that the aid accorded respondents is nevertheless subject to these requirement*, on the ground that helpful cooperation between the state and the respondents transforms the activities of the latter into state action, comes perilously close to asserting that any state assistance to an organisation which discriminates necessarily violates the Fourteenth Amendment."
CoftewTbkf   rn   the   Majority opiates een Jang so Edsssmd H. Lewis, Albert Cos way and'Marvin (Centime* em Pmje Three)
Mud! Ox-cart* and carriages had a rough time on Canada's first highway from Quebec to Montreal in 1735. In the best dry woather It took four and a half days to complete the trip by carriage I
Rood-building was slow until Asa Danforth completed a roadway from Kingston to Ancestor, Ontario, In 1800. Yongo Street in York (Toronto) was commenced about the same time, financed by the Northwest Company. By 1864, after Confederation, most settlements were connected by roads. But they wore bumpy and full of holes and impassable in spring. Journeys by stage-coach wore haxardeus.
Then came the automobile�and the need for better surfaces. One of the first Improved highways stretched from Toronto to Hamilton, n opened In 1917.
The Trans-Canada Highway and the Alaska Highway are today's developments that point to great tupee-hlghways of Tomorrow. With these highways wilt come Increased industrial development that moons groat opportunity. Yes��� there'i room to grow in Canada Unlimited.
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