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The Canadian English-Jennsb Weekly
VOL. XXXII
MONTREAL, JULY 7, 1950
No. 40
JDC Opens Centers To Fighl Disease
Rabbis Hear Reuther On Social Justice
Study Of Psychology Aids Jeweler
To combat alarming malnutrition and an abnormally high infant death rate among tens of thousands of Jews in North Africa and the Near East, the Joint Distribution Committee opened fourteen health centers during the last five months, it was reported "to the health committee by Dr. Jacob J. Golub, its chairman.. Dr. Golub, who is also executive vice-president of the Hospital for Joint Diseases, 1919 Madison Avenue, New York, stated that JDC now supports 43 medical centers, providing care for some 41,000 Jews each month in seven countries of the Moslem world. "Appalling health conditions in these regions," he said, "have made it necessary to expand services in North Africa and to introduce urgently needed programs in sections of the Near East where modern medicine is virtually unknown."
Reporting that the health program is currently supporting 300 medical institutions, pr�viding care for 82,000 each month in 20 countries abroad, Dr. Golub outlined three medical goals to be achieved by the agency in 1950: 1. Improvement of health conditions in North Africa and the Near East where facilities are still inadequate to meet an overwhelming need. 2. Providing mass examinations in 20 transient centers for 15,000 Jews each month en route to Israel, the U. S. and other lands. 3. Caring for the "hard core", the aged, sick, and handicapped who cannot emigrate and caraiot become self-supporting.
Dr. Golub said that the bulk of the Jews in Europe have now been restored to health, "but some 37,000 each month still require health services. The vast majority of today's sick, some 30,000 arc 'hard core', still bearing scars of the Hitler era. A solution has Bevn-letmd for 4,000 aged, sick and handicapped Jewish DP's in-Germany, Austria and Italy, whereby they can be transported to Israel to be cared for through a medical-welfare program recently established by JDC, the Israeli Government and the Jewish Agen-, cy. The remaining 26,000 'hard core', however, in- other European lands will require assistance fer years to come."
At the same time the medical advisor reported that mass examinations, provided each month for 15,000 men, women and children in transient camps reveal that some 18 per cent must be held back from emigration for treatment,
"Even more serious," Dr. Golub (Continued on Page Four)
Walter P. Reuther, president of the United Auto Workers of America, C. I. 0., called for a broad social program at home and a liberalized foreign aid program as the practical means to bring the United States out of "the twilight period" in the world today. He spoke at the Jewish Theological Seminary, Broadway and lL'2d Street, New York.
Such action, he said, the only alternative to armament to the extent of creating "a garrison state," will "begin to help more people in the world achieve a fuller measure of economic and social justice, which is the only basis upon which you win their loyalties." He added: "Without their loyalties, you won't have the facilities to turn the cold war into a positive program for peace."
Addressing the golden jubilee convention of the Rabbinical Assembly of America, the organization of Conservative Rabbis, Mr. Reuther emphasized that the United States must "stop putting a price tag on peace." He deplored "a tragic blind Congressional mentality that lacks the moral courage to take on this fight of the people for peace" particularly criticizing the Senate for slicing $10,000,000 from President Truman's $46,000,-000-a-year Point 4 program to develop backward countries.
On the domestic front, he hit "the high priests of scarcity," and advocated a Fifth Freedom�"the freedom from the fear of abundance. "Here, he continued, "we have the problem of finding a balance between our ability to create wealth and our ability to distribute that wealth to people who need it. We know how to create abundance, but we don't know how to divide it."
He then in turn cited the need for Federal aid to education, for old age pensions of $174-a-month, for passage of the Fair Employment Practices Bill and other civil rights measures, and establishment of more government projects like the development of the Missouri River Valley.
On collective bargaining, he said, "We have got to raise it above a level of eternal struggle between competing groups, and make it a process to find the answer to advance the total economic welfare of the community."
He said he did not favor formation of a national labor party to push legislation along points he had mentioned, but realignment of forces in the present bi-party system, so that all those for social progress belonged to one party, (Continued on Page Three)
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Alfred Shawl, of New York, is a jeweler who creates "heirloom pieces" out of a deep knowledge of feminine psychology. He believes that by making articles that can be disassembled, the same ornament may be adapted to six or eight different uses. He scorns mass production methods as the bane of individualism.
In his office at the Norma Jewelry Corporation, IB West Forty-seventh Street, Mr. Shawl, who is forty-eight years old, told the New York Times of his convictions, based on several summers spent with Alfred Adler, the Viennese psychologist. A native of Poland, he was two years old when his father, Eugene, took the family to Germany. The elder Mr. Shawl was a jeweler. But Alfred grew up with an interest in law.
He was graduated at the head of his class from the law school at Koenigsberg in 1922. The next year he helped to formulate the rules for commercial flying over Germany. Later he was appointed an assistant district attorney for Koenigsberg and Marienwerer, in East Prussia.
"In 1932, the growing Nazi party held a meeting in East Prussia," he said. "Baldur von Schirach, a youth leader, presided. There was a riot and bloodshed. Two Communists who had infiltrated the meeting were killed and several Nazis injured."
Mr, Shawl was assigned to prosecute the case. Several of the Nazia were sent to prison, others paroled. On leaving the courtroom, von Schirach turned to Mr. Shawl and said: "I'll never forget you. You'll think of me, Mr. Attorney." Those words were to recur to Mr. Sh*wl again and again in later years. Soon after, Hitler seized power and a law was passed disbarring all Jewish lawyers. With his father, Mr. Shawl *tod~ to France, 'hoping to resume his law practice there. But the French enacted a law denying admission to the bar to anyone who had not lived for at least ten years in the country.
Believing he had a flair for creating jewelry, he established a small concern with the few hundred franca salvaged from his earlier life. He made lapel watch cases�unusual pieces of new and functional design. And it wasn't long before his concern was shipping to all parts of the world.
Then the Hitler tide swept into France. There was a period in concentration camps when death was always imminent. Mr. Shawl was high on Hitler's extermination list. Finally he escaped and came to America in 1941.
Mr. Shawl started designing brooches, pins and other accessories. This summer he is taking his first vacation in seventeen years. "I shall go to France and revisit the places where I was interned. Maybe 111 step briefly across the German border. I want to see how it feels to stand there a free man, an American citizen."
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Religion In School Hours Upheld
The New York State Supreme Court dismissed a petition by two Brooklyn parents to halt religious instruction of New York public school children during school hours. Justice Anthony J. Di Giovarma, in dismissing the petition, upheld the legality of the New York plan fro "released time," whereby children are excused from school to attend religious classes off the school grounds for one hour a week.
The petition, filed July 27, 1948, by Tesaim Zorach, son of William Zorach, sculptor, and Mrs. Esta Giuck, wife of an attorney, was the first test case in New York City of whether a United States Supreme Court decision in the Mc-Collum case applied to the program under which several himdred thousand New York SUte children get religious instruction.
The United States Supreme Court had ruled in March, 1948, in a case brought by Mrs. Vashti McCollum, of Champaign III., that public school systems may not b� used to help any religious group spread it faith. Mr. Zorach, of 16 Willow Place, Brooklyn, whose son attends Public School 8, Brooklyn, and Mrs. Gluck, of 212 East Fourth Street, whose two children attend P. S. 130, Brooklyn, asked New York Supreme Court to order the New York City Board of Education and the SUte Commissioner of Education to stop the
Was Noted For Support 01 Labour Rights
Dr. Max Radin, Emeritus, Professor of Law at the University of California and a nationally-known scholar and writer, died in Peralta Hospital at Oakland, Cal., at the age of seventy. Dr. Radin retired from the university in 1948 and during the last year had alternated between teaching at Duke University and at the Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton, N. J.
His first wife died in 1918. Four years later he married Dorothea Prell, who died in 1948. Dr. Radin's daughter, Rhea, who flew to Oakland from Washington, arrived at the hospital a few minutes after hi? death.
Professor Radin, who was to become one of the best-known teachers in the Law School of the University of California-, was born in Poland and brought to the U.S. at the age of four.
He studied in the public schools of New York and then attended City College, receiving a Bachelor's degree in 1899. Dr. Radin earned a Bachelor of Laws degree at New York University in 1902 and seven years later Columbia University awarded a doctorate to him.
After graduation from City College, he became a teacher in the city schools, being an instructor in Latin at De Witt Clinton High School from 1901 to 1907 and a first assistant at Newtown High School from 1907 to 1919. Dr. Radin taught Roman and civil law at City College from 1917 to 1919 and was an instructor at Columbia from 1918 to 1919, when he went to the University of California.
In addition to his teaching career he was a lawyer, having been admitted to the New York bar in 1902, the California bar in 1920 and the Supreme Court bar in 1939. Dr. Radin wrote twelve books and many articles for law and lay magazines.
j&e was nominated for the State Supreme Court bench in 1940, bat was rejected by a 2-to-l vote of tfce California Judicial Qualifications Commission, thereupon stirring a wide controversy. Chief Justice Phil. Gibson voted for Professor Radin, but votes were cast against him by the other commission members, Gov. Earl Warren, then Attorney General, and Justice John T. Nourse of the State District Court of Appeal.
The ostensible reason was that he lacked judicial temperament, but it was brought out that Dr. Radin had taken the side of witnesses charged with contempt for refusing to testify before a committee on subversive activities. The nominee had alienated powerful rural groups in his championship of the civil rights of labor and his liberal views were attacked in some quarters, although President Robert G. Sproul, of the University of California, vigorously defended his loyalty.
Sometime later he was characterized by Associate Justice William 0. Douglas of the United States Supreme Court as "the rare and finished product of our American legal system."
"He follows the tradition of Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson in his daily living," Justice Douglas wrote. "He is part of the tradition of Holmes and Cardozo in his influence on the law."
Also in 1940, City College, in New York, awarded to Dr. Radin or.e of its Townsend Harris medals for notable achievement. He was cited for his teaching, his books and his philosophic interpretation of the law. This year Dr. Radin received a silver medal from the Commonwealth Club cf California for his book. "Epicurus, My Ma.'ter."
released-time program, according to the New York Herald Tribune.
Justice Di Giovanna listed these factors in the New York City situation:
First, the enabling �Utute. the amendment to the education law; religious training takes place outside the school building and property; the place for instruction is designated by the religious organization in co-operation with the parent; ro element of religious segregation is present in the schools; no supervision or approval of religious teachers or course of instruction is done by school officials.
Further, school officials do not solicit or recruit pup-.ls for religious instruction; no registration cards are furnished or distributed by the school; noo-atUnding pu-pila continue "significant educational work11 in their classrooms; no credit is given to attendance
(Co*tix.*ted on Page T
CONGRESS DENOUNCES TOTALITARIANISM, BARS COMMUNISTS
The American Jewish Congress, founded thirty-two years ago by the late Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, revised and expanded for the first time the organization's statement of principles, denouncing all totalitarianism and in effect barring Communists from membership in the organization.
The national administrative and executive committees of the Congress, meeting at the Hotel Stat-ler, in New York, adopted the revised statement because of recent world changes, including the establishment of Israel and the increased threat of totalitarianism.
Rabbi Irving Miller, president of the Congress, explained the changes, and particularly the attacks on all kinds of totalitarianism, by saying that the Jews in recent years "have lost 6,000,000 persons at the hands of one kind of totalitarianism, the Nazi kind, and have been cut off spiritually from another 2,000,000 or 3,000,000 by Communist totalitarianism."
The Congress last year expelled several groups because of actions allegedly following the Communist party line. Under the revised statement of principles, it was said, any one who does not reject every form of totalitarianism will be ineligible for membership, reports the New York Herald Tribune.
The four major goals for which the Congress will strive under the revised statement of principles are:
1. Dedicate itself to the assurance and extension of the fundamental freedoms through the elimination of all forms of political, social and economic discrimination on grounds of race, color,
religion, ancestry or national origin.
2. Promoting and stimulating broader and more democratic communal organization in Jewish affairs, stimulating an informed awareness of Jewish matters, with encouragement of Jewish scholarship, culture, education, religion and historic identity.
3. Assisting the people of Israel to develop in freedom, security and peace and promoting mutual understanding between America and Israel and the Jewish communities nf the two countries.
4. Joining through the World Jewish Congress with Jewish communities in other lands to help protect civil, religious and economic rights of Jews everywhere.
The original statement of principles of the organization, incorporated in its constitution, made no reference to totalitarianism and dictatorship. 'The statement on this subject, which is construed as the basis for barring Communists, reads:
"Since the essence of both the American ideal and the Jewish tradition is the sacredness of the individual, we can pursue these objectives only through the free, democratic process, and must reject every form of totalitarianism as imperilling the survival of the Jewish people and the freedom of mankind. These objectives flow out of their joint responsibilities as Americans and as Jews. In their realization, our heritage of American democracy and the tradition of Judaism will, achieve fulfillment."
Rabbi Miller, discussing the (Continued on Page Twelve)
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