i. oldal
KANADAI MAGYAR MUNKÁS
1962 február 1
COEXISTÍNCE
This and a second article on tiiis page next week is ttúcen from PBOORAMME OF THE COMÜOUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION, whlch Is now called the Second Gonunimist Manifesto.
t
THE C.P.S.U considers that the chief aim of its foreign-policy activity is to provide peaceful conditions for the building of a communist so-ciety in the U.S^.R. and developing the world socialist system, and together with the other peacé-Joving peoples to deliver mankind from a wond war <rf extermination.
The C.P.S.U. maintains that fór-^^^ attraction fór the peace-
ces capable of preaerving tód pro-moting universal peace have arisen and growing in the world. Possibi-^ lities are arising for essentially new relations betwéen States.
Imperialism knows no relations between states other than those ot dominatlon and suborditanion, of oppression of the week by^^the strong. It baöes intematiönal relations on diktat ánd intimidation, on violence and arbitrary rule. It regards wars of aggression as a natural means of settling intematiönal issues. For the imperiallst countries diplomacy has been, and remains a tool for imposing their will upon other nations and preparing wars. At the time of the undivided rule of imperialism the issue of war and peace was settled by the fináncé and industrial oli-garchy in the utmost secrecy from the peoples.
Socialism contrast imperialism with a new type of intemational relations. The foreign policy of the socialist coimtries, which is based on the principles of peace, the equality and self-determination of nations, and respéct for the inde-pendence and sovereignty of all coimtries, as well as the fair, humáné methods of socialist diplomacy, are exerting a growing influence on the world situation. At_a time wheh imperialism no longer plays a dominant Tole In intematiönal relations, while the socialist system Is playing an increásing role, and when the Influence of thé countries that have wqn national Inde-pendence and of the masses of the people in thé capitalist countries has grown yery considerably, it Is becomingpossible for the new principles advanced by socialism to gain the upper hand over the principles ofaggressíve imperialist policy.
The Issue of war and peace Is the principal Issue of today. Imperialism is the only source of the war danger. The imperialist camp is making preparations for the most terrible crime against mankind. — á world thermonuclear war that can bring unprecedented destruc-tion to entire countries and wipe out entire nations. The problem. of war and peace has become^a life-and-deat problem for hundreds of millions pf people.
The peoples must concentrate their efforts on curbing the impe^ rialists hl good tüne and prevent-ing them from makiig use of leth-al weapons. The mala thing Is to -ward off a tfiermonuclear war, to -prevent It from tnreaking out. This can be done by the present gener-ationi:
The cönsolidation of thé Soviet State and the formation of tlie World socialist system were his-toric steps towards the realizatioá of mankind's age-old dream of ban-ishing wars ftrom the life of so-ciety. In the socialist part of tlie world there are no dasses or so-cial groups Interested In starting a war. Socialism, outstripping cap-italism in a number of important branchea of science aiid techno-logy. has supplied the peace-lovlng peoples with powerful matériái means of curbing imperialist aggression. Capitalism established Its rule with fire and sword. but socialism does not require war to spread ita Ideals. Its weapon is Ita superiorlty over the old S3^ tem In social organizatlon, poUtIcal flystem, economy. the Improvement et the standard of Uvüig and spi-ritual culturo. The socialist agrstem Is a natural
loying iorces of the globe. The principles of its foreign policyvare gainüig ever greater intematiönal recognition and support. A vast peace zohe has taken shape on earth. In addition to the socialist countries, it includes a large group of non-socialist countries that for various reasons are not interested ih starting a War. The emergence of those countries iri the árena óf world politics has substantiaUy altered the balance of forces in fav-our oif peace.
There is a growing number of countries that adhere to a policy of neutrality and strive to safe-guard thémselves against the haz-ards of participation in aggressive militaiy blocs.
In the new historical epoch the masses have a far greater oppor-tunityof activity intervening in the settlement of intematiönal issues. The peoples are taking the solution of the problem of war and peace into their own hands more and more vigorously. Thé an-
ti-war movement of the masses, which takes various forms, is major factor in the stniggle for peace. The International working class, the most uncrompomising and most consistent fighter against imperialist war. Is the great oiganizing force In this
stragle of the people as a whole.
It Is possible to avert a world war by the combined efforts of the mihty socialist camp, the peace-loving-non-socialist countries, the intematiönal working class and all the forces championing peace. The growing supenority of the socialist forces over the forces of imperialism, of the forces of peace over those of war, will make it actually possible to banish world war from the lifé of society even before the cömplete vlctory of socialism on earth, with capitalism surviving in a part of the world. The victory of socialism through-out the world wUl dp away com-pletely with the social and national causés of all wars. To aboHsb war and establish everlasting peace on eárth is a historic misslon of com-mnhlsm.
General and complete disarm-ament under strict intémafionál control is a radical way of guaran-teeing a durable peace. Imperialism. has imposed an unprecedented burden of anhaments on the pep-ples. Socialism sees its duty towards mankind in delivering it from this absurd waste of national wealth. The solution of this problem would have, historical signi-ficance for mankind. By an active and determined effort the peoples can and must force imperialists intő disarmament.
(To be continued)
Sli©rf Sf®ry.
morning at the cinema
"I r:
tween her
By Ivaii Mándy
IBER her wéarüig a veUed hat, a long cigárette-holder»». fingerá, her chin cupped in her palm."
"I remember him in tails and a top-hat. He had on an opera-clMi, even when he.was chasing the burglar over the house top He tó' carrying a sUver-headed sück, and out of the héad of that sUdt? would spring a sort of stiletto at you. Ctould even shoot witíi if ^ ? liked." "» *m 09
•♦Renáta Polster," the woman with the grey scarf no(Jded"Yéi was her name. I went to see each of her pictures, and feS^
that ____
aU the títles WTitten down in. a notebook. Alsotiie namés öitixernm that played opposite her." • ^
"Ben liunda," the bus conductor said. *fHé was the first fihn dg. tective. Hány Holmes was nowhere in sight yét wheh Ben Lunda wm tops." He looked at the woman. "Youknow, he once ruddled a buréiS with bullets from his silver-headed stick."
They were sitting in smaUblack ea^yrChairs, in the dark lobby ni the cinema. The place looked like the Inside of a garage: you halfax; pected tp see somé door behihd their backs flyopen suddenly andi car roll In slowly, majesticaUy. There was a rustle of paper by thelí side. A dlstant,_clear vpice, as If spmeone talking In his sleep, spdka
it.
UNDOUBTEDLY some labour markét problems do exist in Hungary, but these are of an entirely different nature from those in the western countries.
Yet there are not a few problems, because in some areas f inding an adet|uate supply of man-
fivefold.
Thé country's populatíon, how-ever, has increased only 8 percent in the last decade, so it is under-staridable that from year to yéar the ensuring of manpower for the rapidly developing economy pre-power is tíll cause for headaches. I^^"^ * growing problem, It is true, So it is not lack of job opportuni-T<** ^^o^'^se, that with the improve-
ties but rather of manpower that presents íi difficulty for Hungary's economy from time to time.
The reason for this is the swift development of certain branches of economic life. In the last ten years the number of industrial employees has almost doubled. Production, of course, has increased at a far frreater rate, but a considerable part of the extra production was adbieved by mechanization and higher productivity. The trend in employment in some major Industries is indicated by the foUowing table.
"ndnstrlal Employees (bi thonsands)
Industry and Transport Trade building
1949 837 170 187
1955 1356 234 272
1960 1579 288 305
Ih a few branches bf industry the risé in the number öf workers has far exceeded thé averag& Por éxample, In enterpriseis manufact^ uring electrical machlnery, and in the woodworking indusúy the number of workers has tripled dur-ing the past decade; ih the cloth-Ing industry it has risen fourfold
ment of health conditions there has been an increase in thé number of able-bodied persona pf aU ages. On the other hand in Hungary mén are eligible for pension at 60, and women, at 55. (It should be noted here that anybody who thinks that the niunber of work^ ers in industry is greater because the old handicraftsmen are now in industry is mistaken. In 1949 théré were 236.000 handicraftsmen working at their own trades in Hungary, and in 1960 there were 244,-000.)
The labour markét has two main reserves to draw upon. One of them, the greater one, is agricul-tiu«. Because of increásing mechanization many -rural workers may be dispensed with, and they then seek work in other branches of the economy. More than 1Ó0^0(M> people left ágriculture for other jobs, primarily in industry, in the last ten years in Hungary. Before the War hálf of the totál wage-eamers worked in ágriculture, today only a third.
The other reserve Is women. Nowadajrs housework is not a pur-ppse in Itfe. and with the advances
*'Moming perförmanco Is the thing. Tou Can always get ticketsfÖ!
Outside the street förmed a grey patch; from time to time yoo could see a tram passing, pr dark figures síim as sticks.
The woman cluttíhedat her scarf. I^h^^^ from iin.í
der her floWer-pot hat and continued in thé wrinkles of her fac4 "There'U never be a filmstar like Renáta Polster."
"What about.Taylor?" said the conductor, passing his fingers over. his close-cropped white moustache. "Anita Táylor made a name for herself, you'll agree.
An usher \yent across the lobby. She was eating a pretzel and It Wíis raining crunibs where she passeö.
"Peanuts," the conductor said. *Td always eat peanuts in the ciné-ma. And not only me —why, the whole place'd be strewn with peanut shells." He stopped for a moment. "Always üsedto get their patchouJi in the neck. During the ihtermission, you kiíow, the usher would sneali ÚP to you with that spra,y of his, and in a jifíy you'd be smelling of scented wáter."
"Taylor!" The womari with the gray scarf looked át the conductor as though awaWng from slumber. "You may not know it, but that woman actuaUy made her first appéarancé ih one of Renáta Polster'í pictures. But she only got a wee bit of a part then. Júst ah hisignifi-cant, trifling part."
••Harry Holmes had a checkerédcloth-cap/' the conductor said, nodding. "Not the real stuff, that. Anybody can-have a checkered cloth-cáp, but tp lower oneself down thé chinmey in a top-hat^ it took a Ben Limda to do that." ' "It took a big fool to dP that."
The conductpr did not reply Immediately. He eyéd the refreshment bar, now empty, the cold glass sheíves. Th«i he turhed'to the man in the green coat.
"Ever seén Ben Lunda?" he asked.
"I had a narrow escape," the man in the gi^een coat replied. "The idea of anyone's prowling about on a roof in tails and töp-hat«"
Two kids were hovering about them. C^e óf thehi now raised two fingers in guise of a pistoL
"I am Ben Lurida, and Tm going tó shoot you."
"That was the stuff," said the conductor.
"Completely imrealístic."
"Once," — a quiver ran through the grey scarf around the wSman's neck -r "yes, Renáta Polster once jumped out óf a duhgeon. She was being chased by Pali Kertész, Whó used to be ih thé Munícipal Theatre here and later played a robber knight in that film." '
"Umph!" The man in thé green coat madé a gesture of impatience. "Renáta Polster wént rolling all the way down the cliffs, then -the door ppened, and in walked Renáta Polster."
"WeU she has my respect and ádmiration!" The man in the green coat püffed out his cheeks, glowering like someone whp has shot bis bolt.
"I beUeve I saw that film," the conductor said. "The Night rf fiSysterles they called it."
'Wght of Revengé. It's written down in my notebook. With Ronald Norman as the Prüice, and Pali Kertész as the Robber Knight."
The boys gaped at her. Suddenly oné of them pokéd a finger tip at the Pther's chest.
"You're the Robber Knightr ;
(To be continued next week)
and industry. Ck)mpared with 30
percent ten years ago, today 36
percent of all bread-winners are women.
All this only partly eases the problem of labour shortage, be* . cause the two great reserves are
made m mechanization of house-j not inexhaustible, and from now oh
Ing hidustry it has risen fourfold hold tasks, more and more women we shall have tó depend mainly on and In the Instrument industry,[are seekfaig employment In trade-young people just enterüig the la-
bour markét each year. That Is why mechanization and automation aissume siich Importance. In many countries automation thi-ows workers out of jobs. In Hungary mechanization and automation are making up for tlió labour shortage, and helping to speed up production growth.
jjSiaM Ádám
GRANDPA'SBOY
THEí?E/ yoüLOÖKUKB A PE^FecT UTTLB GENTLEMAN /
NOW SD OUTSIPS ANt>PLAV}N\TH TOAAMy ÜNTIL X GET RBAOy FOR. r ■ CHÜlZCH I-
-«==>/'^-
By43RAD ANDERSON
THBMÜt>PüPPU