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KANAPAI MAGYAE MUNKAI
1962 szeptember 13
NINB Canadian orgaxdzations are Jacquetta Hawkes, O.B.E., is the sponsors for a Massey Hall one of the most vivid personalities meeting on Sunday, September 16 in the English Campaign for Nuc-at 8:00 PM. The theme: "Peace la lear Disarm^ent. and is C3iair-Everyhody's Business". The four man of its Women's Group. The speakers wil be Jacquetta Hawes. tbousands who walk annually ftt>m O.B.E., atcímeologist and wiíe of Aldermaston to Trafalgar Square the writer, J. B. Priestley; Mrs. j at Easter know her especIaHy weH Diana CoUins — both from Eng- as the voice through the mega-land — tha Hon. Mai^aret Ekpo. i*one that encourages and discip-M.P., of Nigéria, and Mrs. Saro-jUnes the army on its march. jinl Alyar ol India. They represent She visited Toronto in 1957 for the multitudea of people in their.the opening at the Crest Theatre own countries who are struggling j <,f her husband'a play, '"The Glass . _ ■ ^ 'cage", and has collaborated with
him in writing "Joumey Down A
to express thár horror of nuclear war.
AU four speakors will be in Can-ada for the Voice of Women Con-ference íor International Cb-ope-ration Year, to be held in Montreal. An cminent Russian. Mrs. Tamara Nramedova, has also ar-ranged to come over from Montreal for the Massey Hall meeting. She is Caiief of the Division of the Unlons of Soviet Socléties for Fr!endsh?p with Poreign Countries.
The meeting's Chairman will be Rabbi Abrahara D. Ftínberg. Rabbi Emeritus, Holy Blossom Tem-ple. Chairman of the Toronto Com-mittee for Survival. National Vice-President of the Canadian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Lendlng zest to the meeting will be the songs of The Travellers, folk singers who recently retumed from a suoceasful tour of the Soviet Union, and who were guests of the Mariposa Festival. Orillia.
Raintow". Her own works include "Pables", "Man On Earth", "Pro-vidence Island", and she is an archaéological correspondent for "The London Observer". She re-ceived the OB.T. for archaéological research in many countries.
Mrs. Diana CoUins, also from England, is the wife of Canon L. John Oollins. leader of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She has addressed meeting in sup-port of her hxisband since the Campaign started in 1958, and also helped him with the Christian Action movement. She is editor of the CND newBletter, as well as being Secretary of the SND Women's Advisory CounciL
Hon. Margaret Ekpo, MP., was the fírst Nigérián woman to be-come a Special Member of the Eastem House of Assembly, which means that she is the first woman legislator in her country. One of
her main interests is the awak:en-| ing of the Nigérián woman to ac-tive participation ín the modem world. She is an eloquent speaker.
Mrs. SaxDjini A^^ was bcnm in Calcutta thirty-six years ago and
THE FRENCH philosopher Des-, is combined with oxygen from the cartes, three centuries ago, was; air and converted into carbon dio-the first to say that men were xlde and water vapor. You can
machines. He thoxight that guiÍ-mals were nothing but maehines, and men were machines guided by souls. The Greek and Román phi-losophers dld not have this idea, because they only knew of very simple machines. such as bowsand pulleys. When such complicated machines as clocks made, the idea b«;ame rauch more plauslble. It is obviously a useful idea, because we can ask the same sort of questions about paits of our body as we do about the parts of a machine. What is the heart for, and how does it work? Its func-tion is to pump blotMl round. as an
ioss very exactly.
If you put a man on a grood balance-scale, such as is used for weighing gold btűlion, no two swings are the same. He loses weight steadOy. But this loss <s exactly accounted for by the water vapop and carbon dioxidé which he loses from his lungs and skin. oil pump pumps oü round in many What is more interesting, you can
was educated there and at Cambridge. For the past 14 years she has worked with' the Ramakrishna liCsslon, a new and powerful spi-ritual movement in India, which readies the brotherfaood of man Since 1958 she has also worked for the Unitarian Sen^ce Com-mittee of Canada and the Indián Co-operative Union. She has a ra-diant personality and is deeply con-cemed with the needs of others.
Sponsors of the meeting are: Canadian Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Canadian Commit-tee of 100, Church Peace Mission, Fellowship of Reconciliatlon, So-ciety of Friends (Peace CSroup), the Unitarian Church, the Voice ^ Women, the Women's Intematíon-al League for Peace and Freedom, the World Federalists of Canada.
sequence, the energy value of a diet is one of the most important things about it.
Humán eneigy outputs and needs are usually measured in large calories, a calorie being the amount of heat which raises the temperature of a kilcgram of water by one degree centigrate. A very inactive man can carry on under 2.0C0 calories per day, an ordinary worker on 3,000 or so, A coal miner may need 5,000 and a racing cyclist will expend 10,000 though he will take several days to make it up by eating. A well-trained man doing hard work may reach a mechanical efficiency of about 20 percent. That is to say, one-fifth of his energy output is work, and four-fifths beat. But as he can only work for part of the 24 hours, this average cannot be kept up. A steam or gasoline en-gine can reach much higher values, but this is hardly a fair compar-ison. For the engine does not stoke itself, oil itself, do running re-pairs, and occasionally cooperate with another engine to make little one. Much of our energy is spent in keeping ourselves in lost in weight at the end of the working order. For example, all dáy, you can balance gain and the energy which the heart ex-
AGO
o Sn the 1870's rationaüst objec-tlv ideállá becama fSuo main cunrent in pbiloso^cal fhoug^t in Canada; It oontinoed to esert Wide Influ^ce up to the eturly 20's.
m.
TWO OTHER parts of Watson's philosophical system — the philo-sopby of the ^irit, incoiporating the philosophy of morals, and the phüosophy of the absolute, or le-ligíon — are devoted in the main
to providing idealism, to expoünd-Ing religious moraUty, aűd to re-futation of the principles oÍ materialist philosophy.
Watson examines the inter-re-lationships of subject and object and criticizes "absolute dualism'* — the absolute counterposing o£
the subject to the object, of cons-
ciousness to matter; in this view mated in the Gifford Lectures at
viduality — if he cannot identife his will with the wm of God, his goc^ess is from the absolute point of view a, mere semblance." (Com-le, Mill and ^encer, p. 177.)
Man must subordinate his wiu to that of God: süch is the essence of Watson's ethical conseption.
An analysis of Watson's philo. sophical system, which embraced a multiplicily of p'oblems ranging from naturaljph^omena and the principles óf humán cognition to questions ofmorality. shows that it was pitted agaínst materialism in generál and the materialism of natural science in particular; that it constitnted an eclectic mixture of various ideálist conceptions.
Watson's philosophical evolution from objective idealism to uncon* cealed clericalism was consum-
coUect the exhaust gases from a man or a motorcycle in a bag and analyze them. For the man and the machine you can make a com-plete matériái balance sheet; and, if the man has neither gained or
this leads to acceptance of the un-knowability of the world. But to "absolute duaüsm" Watson coun-terposes Hegel's ideálist monism.
Watson reasons as follows: the subject cognizes the object. It is through just such cognition that man acquires knowledge in generál. But the object, correctly known; includes the subject, inas-much as the object is, itself, rea-son and intelligence. To under-stand the nature of the world means to understand all that ex-ists, as intellect. "We must hold that mind and matter are identi-cal in their nature... that matter is a form of mind. (Comte. Mill and Spencer, p. 177.)
From his idealistic beliefá Watson draws reactionary religious and ethical concluusions. He does not confine himself to religríous preaching but is ready to pro-nounce anathema upon any atheist, or even skeptic.
"If a man cannot identity himself with God all his strivings are vain efforts to escape from the pri-son-house of his own limited indi-
motors. And it has vatves and ctber parts like th(^ of a pump. In the same way we cáh corapare the eye with a. photographic ca-mera. the nerves with telegraph wires, the fat under the skin with the insulating matériái around a boUer, and so on.
The description of man as a machine is much more useful today than it was Descartes' time, because in his day self-moving machines were worked by springs, like that of a dodc, whereas now the best-known machines are worked by buming of coal or gasoline. The comparison between a man and an engine driven by coal
make an exact balance sheet for energy. On the credit side is the enezgy which can be got from oxidizing the food. This can be measured very exactly by buming it in a calorimeter. On the debit side is the small amount of energy which can be got by buming the excreta, the amount of mechanical work which the man has done during the day. and the amount of heat which he has produced. Naturaüy the balance will be im-perfect at the end of the day. A man may easily put on or lose a quarter of an ounce of fat. But in a series of 40 days* careful ex-períments the totál energy credits
pands in pumping the blood around is ultimately converted into heat.
Inthese important respects then, a man is a machine. It is worth while looking at somé ways in which hfe Is not. One of the essen-tial features of a machine is that any part of it can be replaced by a spare part. This is only true to a small extent with men. If you tiy to graft a Umb from one in-dividiial to another. it- may heal into place, but it will die later on. On the other hand. you can graft together trees of different varie-
the question"How much of a machine is Man?" One can then ans-weí* in detail. Part of the answer would be that, as regards the use of spare parts, man is less of a machine than a tree or a f rog, but stiU something of a machine. Taken from What is lASef
By J3.S. Haldane
Glasgow University in 1910-1912, published later in the two-volume work, The InteiTPretatton of Eeü-glons J!!<*xperlence. A Canadian wri-tre on the history of phUosophy has written of this work "the crcwning achievement of his philosophical career, it concludes with a passionate plea for faith which has a rational básis — in ideát ism." (Philosophy in Canada: A Symposium.)
In these lectures Watson came out as an ardent exponent of religious faith and called fór a theo-logical "reconstruction" of philosophy because "the religious interests of man can be preserved only by theology which affirms that all fomas of being are mani-fastations of a single spiritual principle in identification with which the true life of man con-sists. Living in this faith the fu-ture of the humán race is aa-sured."
It was above all in this culti< vation of a refíned religious conv seption that the class essence of Watson's philosophy manifested itself. It served the Canadian bour-geoisie' as a religious-philosophicíi cutloók Which in essence sancti-' , fied the capitalist system, dissuad-€d the worldng people from claSs struggle, urged upon them meek-ness and submission and inculca-ted among them the harmful idea that for their future security it is enough to be seized with the need for religious faith.
or gasoline is very close indeed, if and debits for three men equalled
THE INSIDE story of the Árgus Empire, the men who make mil-lions selling something to them-ties or even different species. And, | selves is fully told in a revealing what is more striking, you can do chapter of the new book — Ana-the same with frogs if you operate tomy of Big Business — by L. C.
we merely consider intake and output, and do not go into details. ESach requires comlmstible food or fuel and a large supply of air. In
on young embryos. A head from one species will grow on the body of another.
On the other hand, as the prac-tice of transfusion shows, hiunan blood can be used as a "spare part", provided certain precautions are taken. Again, if a man's pan-creas goes wrong in a particular way, he cannot use sugár and wastes away with diabetes. But if he is given insülin made from a
one part in 450. We do not make ___
energy. nor get it from supema-ípigs p'^creas, he' r^iere his Í^S*™^ We use the energy, health. Insulin is another spare derivable from the ojcidation of part we can use
each case most of the food or ftielifood as a machine would. In con-rSo it is more" dialectícal to ask
and F. W. Park published by Pro-gress Books, 42-48 Stafford St., as a fali release.
A book that keeps pace with today's headlines, the chapter "Room at the Top" telis the fuU story of Senator M. W. McCutche-on, newly appointed member of Prime Minister Diefenbaker's Ca-binet
McCutcheon. right-hand man tö beér báron E. P. Taylor is revealed as one of a group of men who through various mergers, holding companies, influence with govem-ment and men in liigh places have
iimimiin.......iiw.............m
By BRAD ANDERgnM
been able to work themselves into Virtual control of aissets worth $1,-: 000.000,000.
Their links with U.SA. interests are especially probed and give a special insight into just how Canada is faeii^ soíd down the river to powerful forces south of the bordér.
ANATOMY of BIG BUSINESS is not only an authenüc who's who of big business in Canada, but in teliing trenchant style reveals how Canada is falling evermore under USA c<mtrol and domination. It bares somé of the reasons for a stagnation of our economy and ad-vances a major proposal: national-ization of key USA enterprises in Canada as one way of maintaining control over otír native resourcea and sovereign power while creat-ing a firm basis for friendly rela-tions with the American people.
Tha Law Motorlst: "TU park- my car here and there'U be one; along in a mo-ment"
* * * Honsework Housework is what a woman does that nobody ever notices un-less She doesn't do it
nmfs yonr Uz Art Linkletter says the towelfl in Láz T^ylor's vUIa in Bome read: 'His/ .*Hers,' and 'NexV