12. OLDAL
KANADAI MAGYAR MUNEIS
1951 SZEPTEMBER 13. CSöTöRTöR
Readers of »Soviet Weekly« english language newspaper answered ^ome of the questions asked about ownership of property in the USSR. Here M. Vatyan gives áh explanation of threeformsof ownership State/ co-operative,^^^ a personal — which exist side by side in the Sovlet Union to-day.
SOCIALIST property, the predominant form in the Ü.S.S.R., exists either as State property (belonging to the whole people) or-asco-operative and coUective-farm property Cproperty of the collective farms, property of cQ-operative societies).
The first historic decrees issued by the Soviet Goyem-®-^—
ment made State property of the land, its mineral wealth, waters, forests, mills, factories, mihes, rail, water and air transport; bánks, communication, large State-organized ágrícultural enterpi*ises, as well as municipal enterprises and the bulk of the dwelling houses in the cities and in-dustrial lócalities' --t that is/
tlie property of the whole people.
The institűtion of coUec-tive — farm property and co-operative took a diff erent course.
It arose on the basis of vo-luntary socialisation of the means of production by small commodity producers *.-^ peasants and artisans.
Collective Ownership -
The common enterprises of colleptive farms and co-operative organizations with their livestock and implem-ents, the products of the collective farms and co-operative organizatioiís, as well as their common buildings, con-stituté the property of the collective fárms and co-operative organizations. The collective farms own thé bulk of the property ín the co-opérative collective farm sector.
The pwnérs of á collective farm are its members the individual collective far-mers. The land however, which is the basís of the collective farm*s husbandry, be-longs to the State, and is gi*anted to the collective farms for their usefor an unlimited time, tha^ is,, in perpetuity,
To . help the collective fanns a vast network of ma-chine and tractor státions has been set up ánd equip-ped with up-to-date agricul-tural machinery. The óther means.of production are the property of the entire collective.
The produc^ raised by the labourof collective farmers belongs to their particular collective farm.
General Böeetíngs
Ali major questions of or-
49 delegates — 14.300 sífnaf üres ;^
BERUN — Forty-nine Can-, adian delégates present at the World Festival of Youth and Students for Peace re-cently concluded here have tallied up ánd found that be-fore leaving home for the festival, they had enlisted ^signatures of 14,300 men and women on the petition for a Five-Power Peace Pact.
Outstanding among the delégates was the record of young Bili Endicott of Trail, B, C, who had coHected 2600 signatures, Charles Fine of Toronto (2200), and Carole Kelly of Vancouver (2000). Two additional To-rontonians had collected 500 cach, .........
ganization of a collective farm's economy and its ma-nagemenít are decided by a generál meeting of the collective farmers; the generál meeting being the highest organ of management. It elects the farm's managing board and its chairman, ap-proves the production plan, determines the rules govem-ing the collective farm and distributes its income.
Although they are of the same type, the two forms of socialist property differ es-sentially.
State socialist property is the property of the entire Soviet people as represented by their State; and co-ope-rátive and collective-farm socialist property is the property of the particular col-lectives of the working people. . \
Iri the State enterprises all means of production are socialized, whereas in thé c6-operátives and collective farms only the basic means of production are soeialized.
Personal Property
^ílvery household in a collective farm has. as its personal property as small sub-sidiary husbandry on a plbt of household land, livestock, minbr agricültural imple-ménts, and so on.
For this reason State property represents á more ma-ture, a higher form of socialist property and this form of socialist property plays thé decisive rolé in the natidnal economy of the Ü. S.S.R. •
Alongside socialist property, the law permits the small priváté economy of individual peasants and handicrafts-
raeh based on their own la-bour and precluding the ex-ploitátion of the labour of others.
Socialist property does not exclude the existence of personal property. On the contrary, it leads to further development of it.
Personal property covers pbjects of personal use, such as a dwelling holise, car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc, acquired from eamings and savings. The collective farmer has as his personal property the income from >workday units,« which he gets in kind and cash, and also the income from his subsidiary husbandrjr.
As the socialist system of economy developsthere is a steady increase in individual consumption which leads to an increase in personal property.
> . , . Socialism, Marxian socialism,« said the great leader of the Soviet people, J. V. Stalin, >means jiot cut-. ting d own individual requi-rements, büt . develx)ping them to the utmost, to full bloom; not the restriction of these requirements, or a re-fusal to satisfy them, but the full and allround satisfact-lon of all the requirements of culturally developed working people.«
Soviet law strictly pro-tects the personal property of citizens of the Soviet Union derived from their income from work. Article.lO of the Staíin Constitution reads as follows:
>Thé personal propei-ty riglít of citizens in théir in-comes and savings from work, in their dwelling houses and subsidiary home enterprises, in articles of do-mestic economy and use and articles of personal use'and convenience, as well as the right of citizens to inherit personal property, is pro-tected by law.«
»lWé have just réceived word that ten of . the 55 yöimg Canadians whö atten-ded the recent Berlin World Youth Festival havé been Jn-vited by the Russian youtíi délegation to the Festival to visit the Soviet Union*, said Mr.Simac,:Chairman.of the Youth Friendship League, which organized the Canad-iah réprésentation to :the Berlin Festival. He also stat-ed thát >this was the sécond time within one year that a délegation of Canadian youth will have visited the Soviet Union. We hope that in the near future the youth of Canada may bé host to a délegation of Soviet Youth, and that we may treat them
with as warmly as the Can-adians are being ti*eated in the Soviet Umon.«
The. ten^.Canadians to vi« sit Russia are Sam Michnik 29, leader of the délegation* Jean Morrison, 24, Toronto' Charles Fine, 28, Toronto* Mary Skiypnyk, 32, Toronto.; Olga Berketta, 18, To. rontó; Alex.- Tichonovitch, 20, Pt.' Colborne; Stanley Dobrovolski, Montreal; Charles Law, 23, Montreal; Oiva Ráappaanna, 21, Calgary; Arnold Wood, 21, To-rí>nto. Sam Michnik will re-turn in time -to report on his experiences at the Berlin Festival and the Soviet Union onSunday, Sept. 23rd at Massey^Hall'at 8 p.m.
CANADIÁN YOUTH REPORT ON GREAT BERLm HESTÍVAL MASSEY HALL — SEPT. 23
SAM Michnik, leader of the Canadian délegation to the World Festival of Youth and Students for Peace in Berlin, álso led a de-, legátion of 10 young Canadian people to the Soviet Union. He will report to Toron-to's Massey Hall meeting. ■.
TORONTO — >0n Sunday, Sept. 2^, in ]VIassey Hall, the people of Toronto will have the firi opportunity of hear-ing eye witnéss áccounts 6f the great World Festival of Youth and Students which was the most exciting and co-' lorful event in history«, said EméricSimac, chairman of the Youth Friendship League which sponsored a délegation of 55 young Canadians^
Three Times as Many Students
Now in Hungary Universities
BUDAPEST —. (Telepress) - The number of Hungárián university students has more than trebled in compa-rison with 1938 and there were 75 percent more se-condary school students in 1951 than in the last pre-war year.
Fi'om only 10.000 university students in the last pre-war academic year in Hungary, the figure rosé to 23,-000 in 1940—1950 and to 33,000 in the, 1950—1951 school year. Another 20,000 university students will be added to this number by the end of the Five-year Plan in 1954.
The number of secondary school students was 95,000
last year as compared with 50,000 in 1938. The com-bined percentage of working class and peasant students in this type of school rose from hardly 5 percent in pre-war days to 67 percent in 1951 and it is still rising steadily.
More than 1,230,000 child-ren between the age of 6 tor 14 yeai-s attended elementa-ry schools in 1950—1951 as compared with 1,202,000 last year. Whereas today's Hungárián youth is of féred free recreation, theatres and movies, 35, percent of the peasant children could not attend school in pre-war winters, owing to lack of warm clothing.
to the Berlin Festival, and which is convening the Massey Hall meeting.
>Fifty-five young Canad^ ians' from all parts of Canada attended the Festival and they will bring us thé truth. The truth about the spirit of friendship, the truth about the dedication of young people of all count-ries.
>We will also hear the tinie account of American brutality against 2,000 British and French youth de-tained in the American Zone of Austria without food, water or toilet facili-ties, stabbed by American baypAets and Imocked un-conscious by American rifle butts. The delégates will teli eyewitness áccounts of the brutal attacks by West Germán police on a group of young Germans invited-to go to West Berlin by the Mayor of West Berlin.
»0f particular interest will be the repoi-ts of somé of the delégates who visited the Soviet Union after the
conclusion of the Festival. Twice within one year the Soviet youth have shown their desire for friendship with thei youth of Canada by inviting our youth to their country. I hope that in the near future Canadian youth will have an opportunity of returning this hospitality and píaying host to a délegation of Soviet youth.«
The Massey Hall meeting will feature á short but co-lorful spectacle depicting the spirit óf the Berlin Festival in song and dance.
National Federation of Labor Youth
83 CHRISTIE ST.
Mike Lukac and orchestra NFLY Theatre Workshop Prize After Every Dancc -1- 75 Ccnts —