J E WIS H WESTE R N B U L L E TIN
Kriday, December 22,1944
Aaron, Mr. & Mrs. ...
Abramson* Ij. ........
Abramson, Mrs. .....
Alberta Furniture ...
Arehecfe, TOt, M.......
- Averbach, J. ........
Averbuck, I*. ........
Allman, I. ...........
Angel> Ij. •...........
Ablowitz, J..........
Anonymous .........■
Anonymous ..........
Aceman, J. ..........
Aqiia, Bfrs............
Aronberg, Mr.......
Adrian, N.............
BTOoks» li. .... - • • • • • ■ Belly, Mr. & Mrs. E-
Buckshon, A.........'
Biicksboh, Mrs. J. . • v Biolkshoin, tF. .....'.f
Barzman, <F. ........
Becker, I......•.....••
Burke, Mr. & Mrs. ....
BnmeIl,.,K. M........• ■
Bei«zpyky, A.-.: Brown>/I)* Brown Brottiers ; (per M. Brov^n) ...
Black, sF. .1;...........
Biirnsteln, M..........
Baumgartf B........
Besseni;<^r & Co. (pdir Mr. Brash)
Berger, I. •.'...........
Barer, M. 3t/. .........
Brotman, M. Braverman, H. BlaJok, D.
Beliopnan, I/.,..........
.$10.00 . 36.00 . 5.00 . 50.00 . 25.00 . 25.00 . 10.00 . 15.00 . 25.00 . 25.00 . 50.00 . 25.00 . 10.00 . 5.00 . 10.00 . 50.00
. 35.00
. 20.00
. 10.00
. 20.00
. 25.00
. 10.00
. 75.00
. 10.00
. 10.00
. 10.00
. 75.00
,750.00 . 5.00 . 25.00
.825.00 .25.00 . 25.00 ,25.00 .10.00 ,25.00 , 25.00
Carl, Mrs. .............25.00
Cantor, N. ............
Cooper, Mr. & Mrs. ... 35.00
Chodorcoff. H. •••••••• 12"^
Cook, Mr. & Mrs. H... 36.00
Cohen, Ti...............Ja'Aa
Cohen, Moe....... • • • • l^-^X
Cohen, Samuel ....... 500.00
Creemer, D............ 5.00
Chetkow, M. .......... 53.W
Chernov, Mr. & M*s. I.. 60.00 ChecMk, O. ..... • • • Z'-W
f!h««»Jdk M- ..... i.....100.00
Chechik; Mrs. M. -----^5.00
Chetchik, Sophie ......10.00
Chilllwack (Farmer) .. 10.00 Chased Shal Hames.. .1000.00
Conn, S............... 25.00
Klausner, X. J.........M.00
Chess Brothers .. *.....*$9-?x
Cooperband, J. I. .... 25.00
Cooperman, H. ........10.00
Crlstai, A. .....
Cash......... •.
Chertkow, D. A. Charkow, A. M. Cohen, Dir. .....
......»5.00
...... 4.00
......25.00
____..100.00
...... 5.00
Dodeck Brothers ..----50.00
Domino Electric .... i... 25.00
Bavis, B.----.....
Davis, D...............110.00
Drltz, J. ..____......15.00
Dennis, J. B. . ...... . 50.00
Dorfman, M. ..........25.00
Dorfman, Mrs. & Mrs... 8.00
Diamond, J. J..........BO.OO
Daxal, Max............25.00
Doyle, T. T. ...--------• 25.00
Dubnov, J. S.'..........10.(W
DomlnioriiFurnlture ... 50.00
jjiamond, "SSr.......... 20.w
Dashlfsky, Mrs. ....... 10.00
'^Empire Junk .......... 15.00
Btldn, A.____15.00
Economy Sausage ..... 25.00
Ehrans, A.............. 50.00
Evans, H..............200.00
Freeman, W. ........
Freeman, M. ........
Freeman, H. ........
Freedman, H........
Feldman, Mr. & Mrs.. Flnkleman, I. S. .....
Fegan, H. ...........
Finn, Mr. ...........
Fox, Dr. M...........
Fox, N» ...
Flader, I.............
Fouks, M. ............
Frank, ^T............•
irishman, Mr. ........
Freedman, H. L. ......
Frieberg, Mr. ......'..
Finkelstein, S. .......
Forsf s JjtA............
Florence, G. ..........
. 25.00
. 45.00
. 5.00
. 10.00
. 10.00
. 25.00
. 15.00
. 5.00 .100.00 .25.00 .125.00
. 40.00
. 25.00
. 10.00
. 50.00
. 10.00
. 10.00
. 50.00
. 50.00
. 10.00
Goodman,
Mr. and Mrs. I-.......60.00
Goodman's
Importing Co........100.00
Goodman, J. ..........50.00
Goodman, Jack........ 10.00
Ginsberg, Mr...........10.00
Ginsberg, Rabbi....... 25.00
Goldberg, Mr. & Mrs. J. 30.00
Goldberg, N...........10.00
Cioldberg, Max ........ 6.00
Goldberg, M............20-00
Goldberg, Chas.........60.00
Cioldberg, C. ........... 10.00
Goldberg, I»............25.00
Goldberg, G............40.00
Gurevltch, A. ..........10.00
Gurevltch, I. ........... 5.00
Gurevltch, 6........... 5.00
Gurevltch, M. ......... 5.00
Gurevltch, D.......... 10.00
Glucksman, M. ........50.00
Garber, J..............15.00
Goldmid, G. M. ........ 60.00
Gordon, F............. 6.00
Gore, E................15.00
Goldman, M............25.00
Gold, Mrs.............. 10.00
Guarantee Household ..100.00
Goldstein, A...........10.00
Groberman, M. ........300.00
Garaway, M. ..........25.00
Gross, S. ..............26.00
Gherman, Mr. and 3Irs.
M. ...................35.00
Gelman, Mr. ........... 6.00
Gelfond, Mr. & Mrs. ... 16.00
Grossman, Mrs. .......10.00
Goldsmith, M. .......60.00
Guler, I................10.00
Glasner, S.............16.00
Golsom Brothers ......60.00
Gittermian, M, ......... 10.00
Greenberg .............26.00
Gelman, Mr. ...........26.00
He=2mer, E. T. ........100.0(i
Hammer, J. ...........26.00
Hertzog, H............ 6.00
Hertzog, Mr. ..........10.00
Hertsrog, S............. 5.00
Hyams, M. ............25.00
Hyams, B..............25.00
Halperin, H. ...........25.00
Halperin, L...........100.00
Home, A..............25.00
Hollenberg, P. .........50.00
Harrison, J. ........... 10.00
Holt, J. B.............10.00
Herbert, E. S...........25.00
Hazan, D.............. 25.00
Herman, H. ...........200.00
Hermati, Max ......
Herbert^ S.........
Hornsteln, Mrs. .....
International Junk .
Izen Brothers ......
Izen, Mr.,............
Izen, W. . .........
Izen (tickets) ..----
James, A. ...........
Jampolsky^ H. ......
Jampolsky, lu' ......
Klein, I. J...........
Hatznelson^' K. .....
Kirscimer, GMi.----
Katchenovshy, J. ...
Kemp, Mrs. B......
Kantor, Mr.........
Klauaaer, S. ;.......
Klein, £L ..... ....
Kahn, H. B. Kemp,' H. :,. i.......
Klantz, W. .........
Kocman, J. J. .......
Koch, A. O. ........
Kostinan, I. !<• Kay, I. A. ...........
Kaplan.............
Kahn, Mr. & Mrs. H.
Kettleman, S........
Kovich,- B. '..........
Kalinslcy, Mrs.-.....
Korman, F. .........
Kurtz, F. ...........
Krass Studio .......
Kurtz Furniture ..:.
iJaderman, I........
Lionel Furniture ... Levlne, M. . -........
Lotzker, Ti.
Lotzker, B.....•.
Lotzker, C. .........
Lipson, M. ..'........
Lapides, Mr. & Mrs.
Lapides, B..........
Irefohn, L. .........
ijesser, P. ..........
Lando Limited .....
Lacterman, J. .......
Lipltz, J. ...........
Lewis, S. L.........
Levinson, Mr. .......
Lipsky, Mr. .........
Lorthy, S...........
Lechtzier, S.........
Levi, Mrs. D. ........
Lesk, Dr. L. ........
Lubin, Mr. .....;....
... 10.00 ... 25.00 ... 10.00 . ( .. .125.00 .. .100.00 ... 10.00 ... 15.00 ... 38.00
i
.. . tu.vu ... 35.00 ... 25,00
...250.00 ...60.00 ... 10.00 ...10.00 ... 10.00 ... 10,00 ...60.00 ... 25.00 ;.. 25.60 ...25.00 ... 60.00 ...10.00 ... 50.00 ...160.00 ... 25.00 ... 25.00 ... 60.00 ... 25.00 ... 2.00 ... 10.00 ... 6.00 ... 20.00 ... 26.00 ... 25.00
...23.00 ... 25.00 ... 25,00 ...75.00 ...200.00 ... 10.00 ...35.00 A. 20.00 ...10.00 ... 26.00 ...10.00 . .100.00 ... 10.00 ... 26.00 ... 26.00 ... 10.00 ... 10.00 ...25.00 ...200.00
. . moo
...50.00 .. 6.00
Morris, J. .............100.00
Morris, M............. 25.00
Morris, E. ....----..... 85.eO
Morris, H. .......----..10.00
Morris, S. ............. 20.00
Mann, S............... 15.00
Moldowan, B..........60.00
Moldowan, J..........50.00
Mandelman, Mr. & Mrs.
J.
Moldowan, L. .......
Merrin, Mr. & BKrs. L.
Marrin, Mrs. B. .....
Mazelow, SJ .........
Marshall, F* . •. •. •. • Musikansky, H. ....
Miller, E. IMDUer, H. MiUer, J.
125.00 50.00 60.00 26.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 6.00 25.00 ,,,..25.00 i. 26.00
Miller; A. ...... ......: 36.00
Mitchener, D. ....;;,.^v 25.00
Matoc, C. ........ i...-bO.wO
Matoc, M. ............. 26.00
.Mariow, B. H. 0..... ..35.00
Moscovitch, Nr.::&-jaxB.
J.. . .•;«••'• • •. i ■ . ■ •.. 15*00
Marshall, Jj. C. 10.00 McLennan, L. ..^^.^....100.00
Neimaii, H. ...:^....V.. 25X)0
Nepp, J.............'. •. .6.00
Xemetz, S. ...... 1..... 25.00
Xemetz,H. & W. ...----- 25.00
Xemetz, C. .........:... 35.00
Xovokoc, L. ....V:^,v.. 26:00
National Furniture .... 60.00
Omansky, M. ...... ... 60.00
Oreck, H. ____. .V.'. ....25.00
Okalist, L. ......,^h-'Ji5AM
Peasisian, KT. ..200.00 Fearlman, 'Mr. .'. . v.25.00 Palatnlk, Ij. .. ..ivV. 10.00 Parker, P. .. :;.^;^^c^;:vv lAOO Parker Brothers !.^&?>|^i26iOOL Parker, J. -ifiiji-iy^lOim Pacific Meat Co. (J. & D.
Diamond) ..---- ----500.00
Poplack, M.............50.00
Pastinslcy, Bev. ....... 26.00
Potter's Limited ...... 26.00
Pacific Glucose Limited 50.00
*Porfce, Leo............350.00
Press, Mr. .............10.00
PaLovsky, Mrs.........25.00
Pelman, H.............10.00
Pelman, Mrs. .......... 5.00
Peters, S..............25.00
PeterSj Mrs. B..........10.00
Pastinsky, Ben ........25.00
.Rosen, J...............70,00
Babinovitch, Mrs......16.00.
Rothstein, S. ..;.......85.00
Etotfastein, A.......... .300.00
Rothstein, N. ..........10.00
Rabinovitch, W. .......10.00
Baphel, J. ..............100.00
Boadburg, S...........100.00
Rowan, W.____......... 25.00
Bozen, M. .............26.00
Radinsky, 0...........200.00
Reliable Garment ____50.00
Regent Tailor......... 50.00
Rosman, L............10.00
Rootman, Mr..........36.00
Reed, J. ...............25.00
Rome, H. .............60.00
Rankin, G. ............26.00
Ringel, P. .............60.00
Stone, J...............100.00
Shaffer, S..............25.00
Stock, J............... 10.00
Simms, Serg. .......... 6.00
Slomen, H.............50.00
Singer, A. L........... 5.00
Singer, Mrs. ..........10.00
Shiger, BIr. ............10.00
Slutsky, N. A. ......... 5.00
SIsson, Esther .........10.00
Sisson, Helen .........100.00
Shine, Tina.....:......lO.OO
Shine, S...............75.00
Sabblut, H. ............25.00
Stehi, J. ...............25.00
Stein. Mrs. ............15.00
Snyder, Rose ..........25.00
Snider, J. .............100.00
Shneider, C. ...........60.00
Schraiberg, J..........10.00
Sweid, J. D............30.00
Swartz, M. ........ .... 50.00
Swartz, A..........____ 20.00 -
Star 2nd Hand.........25.00
Sask. Tailor........... 10.00
Sass, H................ 10.00
Silverman, A...........50.00
Slainlarger, Mrs....... 5.00
Schara Tzedeck Aux. . .500.00 Schara Tzedeck Talmud
(Continued from i'age 6)
the approximate answer I gave to each:
(a) Tlie first question was: "How far back does the persecution of the Jews go and why did It start' in the first place?"
My answer was: "Early in human history; in each age of humandevel-opment majorities needed a scapegoat arid the Jewish minority, in the course of history, became the perpetual scape-goat." . '
(b) The second question was: "What effort is made in Canada on the part of Jewish people to make friends among gentiles? I have heard often the Jews will not make friends -with us. If we show friendship towards them, the Jews are immediately suspicious of u^."
My answer was: "I hope.the. niun-ber. of Jews who are acting thus is very limited. The Jews are co-operating with the Canadian Jewish-Christian Committee which is diirect-ed by Rev. Silcox of Toronto; also with the National Committee on Refugees imder the Chairmanship of Senator O. Wilson, with all philanthropic Protestant and Catholic Institutions and their respective financial apipeals; they are joinings the Service Clubs which do not discrlm-; inate iagainst. them; the Jews are gladly represented in the Councils of Nationalities which function in a number of communities in Canada; they are members in the Tra(de Unions of the Dominion and a.11 the political parties of the Dominion, and thousands of Jews in every part of the country are connected in friendships with Christians of years of standing, starting from school days until old age. Sometimes individual
[J
I
By ALFRED WERNER
(Dr. Werner has been active in the Zionist movement for many years. -For a time he was on the editorial -staff of the Austrian iZonist organ, Die Stimme.) Whenever I think of Weizmann, I remember certain lines froni Alexander Pope's famous Epistle to Joseph Addison:
"Statesman, • yet friend of truth; of
soul .sincere. In action faithful and in honor clear;
hesitations may be plentifully justified l)y both sides.
(c) The third question was: "Is not the non-acceptance of the New Testament one of the chief barriers to the non-assimilation of the Jewish people in Canada? To what extent do Jewish people adopt Canadian customs, religious arid cultural?" ,
My answer was: "It is not a fair question; Christianity is not a, compulsory religion which punishes inon-adherance. I believe its fundamental message is a message of love. Jews In Canada send their children to'pub-11c schools, high schools, professional schools; agriculturai'^schdol^^ anlS • "Ctei-nadian tmiversities where they' learn the same hiswry and the sqine Oaxia-dian Uterature, the same customs and the veiy s^me patriotism. It is part of the Canadian constitution and ideals, that each religious group enjoy freely its own religion and culture. Assimilation as conceived by the person who posed the questiori is not a Canadian concept, otherwise why should dozens of Christian rel^ious groups contiriue to exist and pray separately?" - |
, (d) The foiu:th question was: "JDo you classify those people who are?of Hebrew facial descent, but are riow of the Christian faith as Jews? Is it not better for Canada to assimilate her Jewish population than to assist; ^tlusm t^^ national hoitifej
elsewhere?" |
My answers were: "(1) No!^ J6ws do not classify bom Jews who become Christians as Jews; (2) Why expect Jews to renounce their national home, when every one of the 32 ethnic groups in Canada have national homes?"
(e) The fifth question was: "Are the Jews not considered the ideal citizens of the world? A national home is a barrier to world peace and world citizenship, is it not?"
My answer was: Aijl emphatic NO to both questions. If the price of exterminating five naillion Jews is "Ideal Citizenship" I wish it to the Nazis of the world to be such ideal citizens. Are the national homes of all the nations in the world a barrier to peace? And Is the refusal to remain the scape-goat of the world a barrier to peace? It is ridiculous.
Who broke no . promise, serv'd no
private end, Who gain'd no title, and who lost no friend."
Are there any phrases more fitting to describe Israel's noblest political leader since the death of Herzl? The days of his years are now three score years and ten, and he has been active in behalf of Zion for more than a half century—but so far none of his many opponents ever dared to question the sincerity of his motifs or the unsiBlflshness of his character.
To many people the living Weizmann is already a sort of mythical figure. Indeed, the tiall, broad-shouldered man with the perietraiting eyes, the sharp features and the greyish beard lends himself to the creation of a beautiful Haggadah. Whoever saw his imperious bald head, or heard his low-pitched and unemphatic, yet striking-voice; will never forget either. Curiously, the man who elicited 4.i.i »^?=tory=maIdng Balfour Declar-
Weizmanns, equally dear to our hearts, because they all have the same traits of character :in common, namely, devotion to truth and belief in the intrinsic goodness of man.
There is first the young rebel, a member of the Russian delegation to the Zionist Congresses. While the Viennese Herzl discovered his Judaism as ci mature man, his Russian opponent had been imbued with the Hebraic spirit and lore from infancy. At the tender age of eleven he wrote a letter to .a teacher, stating that the salvation of the Jews was Pjalestine,. and prophetically asserting that only the English would help them get there. Weizmann, the Zion lover, attended all Zionist Congresses but the first: in 1897 hie was too poor to purchase a straight ticket to Basel,; hence he took a timber boat to Danzig and then proceed-ed-: to Switzerland—but he was two days late. He started as a revbiu-tionary, heading . the Democratic •Faction which severely criticised the allegedly undemocratic procedure adopted by Herzl and vigorously demanded cultural activities. Many
years later, however, when he headed the World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency, the tables were turned—the young generation accused him of being a compromiser, an appeaser. These critics should have rea,d the story of that Roman statesman aidd general, Quintu^ Pab-ius Maximus, nicknamed "Cuncta-tor" (the hesitant one), who saved his legions through caution and restraint. .
There is another V.^eizmann: the chemist. Pew people realize that the scientist Weizmann is, perhaps, as great as the statesman Weizmann.' Had he concentrated solely on his work,,instead of devoting most of his; energies to the redemption of hi^, people, we might have one more Jewish Nobel Prize winner, but, undoubtedly, we would not have gotten the Balfour Declaration. Weiz^i mann's scientific talents were eyert: acknowledged by the military exam-: iner of the province, to whom he, as a Russian subje6t, lia.d be«in siim-moried from' the German • university, where he was studying. "You go -back ^o your science and lea^ning,'^ the official who happened to be a reasonable arid humane person, said to the young ciiemist. "It would be a'pity to use you as cannon fodden'^ (Continued Next Issue)
VANCOUVER, B.C.
Income and Es^endlt^^ Account
For Period November SOthi 1943 to September 30th, 1944
Insurance^
Janitor
Legal Ss Secretarial-Light, Heat & Gas-Licenses —:—
ation from the British governriient^ resembles Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, to such a degree that, many' years ago, when Weizmann stayed in Switzerland, cautious Swiss detectives set up a guard at his hotel. ,: ..
But Weizmann was not always the serene elderly statesman, soberly, though firmly discussing with kings and presidents the destiny of his people. In fact, tiiere exist several
(f) The sixth question and stater merit was: "As a new citizen in this beautiful city, I wish to thank those rj^porisd for bririgirig Mr. Caiser-mian here tonight on such an important topic. Can the speaker suggest any reading material on his challenging subject?"
My answer was: "The addresses of the offices of the Canadian Jewish Congress, Toronto, Montreal and Winnipeg, which will mail free of charge appropriate pamphlets.
In a second article I will list seven more questions and answers—all dealing with Palestine.
The musical program of the evening was of a high artistic order, and the comments ot Rev. A. E. Cooke a message of brotherhood and Canadian imity. Most Interesting conclusion was the free distribution by Rev. Cooke of Ben Gourion's last pamphlet: "Test of Fulfilment: Can Zionism be Achieved?" and the pamphlet "Canada and the Refugees" by the Rev. A. E. Cooke, to every one of the over 200 present.
Opening of Chapel-Postage, Interest & Exchange
Printing & Engraving-,
Scavenger __--_—:—
Telephone & Telegraph Taxes ——-----_
Nett Snnpilos_____.-ZZ__ 21,324.91
48.12 125.00 228.54 38.80 51.90 130.20
20.65 69.58 19.75 43.45 111.10 22.95
Donations Funerals . Rentals _
.$ 21,293.26 560.00 381.69
$ 22,234.95
$ 22,234.95
BALANCESHEET As at September 30th, 1944
. ■ ASSETS ■ '
Current Assets:
' BiainkrBalances ... 7 — 'Fixed'Assets:
Building Investment Ss improvesaente.^-? 16>716;S5
Furniture & Fixtures __--l__———_ 3,197.58
Hearse-I— ..__..........---- 2,505.75
1,059.33
Deferred Charges:
ODosurance___
Licenses___^
Taxes______—
140.00 17.00 37.00
22,419.68
194.00
$ 23,673.01
Current Liabilities: . Accounts Payable-City of Vancouver-
LIABILITIES
Dominion Construction J. Meston «fc Co__:-----
148.10 1,350.00 850.00
Surplus
-$ 2,348.10 - 21,324.91
9 23,873.01
Torah Ladies' Aux. 1002.76 Schara Tzedeck Cemetery Board ....... 2000.00
Sears, D...............25.00
Shurgennan, D........25.00
Satanov, J. ............25.00
Smith, H..............60.00
Silver, F. ..............16.00
Slobbi, J. ..............26.00
Safeway Stores Limited 60.00
Slakov, M. .............10.00
Spiro, Bev. J. ......... 6.00
Simon, Mrs. D. ........10.00
Sapperstein, B.........10.00
Sapperstein, J. ........10.00
Shiozberg, Mr. ........ 5.00
Tissman, L............250.00
Toban, S..............25.00
Toban, L...............75.00
Toban, H..............25.00
Toban Brothers .......75.00
Tyer, E................ 15.00
Tennenbaum, S........25.00
Vandt, Mr. and Mrs. S. 130.«b Utdted DistUIers Ltd...350.00
Vinick, M. .............25.00
Wosk, Mamey ........25.00
Wosk, M. .............25.00
Wosk's Lhnited .......200.00
Wosk, A...............100.00
Wosk, J. .............. 60.00
Weiner, Mrs. ..... ---- 6.00
Weinstein, I............25.00
Wetaistein; H. .........15.00
Wehistein, Mrs. ....... 6.00
WeUer, H. ............60.00
Wolfe, L. ..............15.00
Wolfe, Mrs. E......... 5.00
Waterman, M. M. .____50.00
Weinberg, E..........25.00
Weston Fur Co........25.00
Wasel, A. ............. 25.00
Wagner, H. B. ........100.00
Waltnick, J. ..... .....10.00
Worth, D..............15.00
Wliite, J. Ss L.........25.00
Weinstein & Company.. 25.00
Yoklowitz, I........... 10.00
Yachlovitch. Mr........ 10.00
Youngson, J...........-20.00
Zacks, L................ 50.00
Zacks, Mr. ............ 25.00
Zacks, L. (New Wesfc-
mhister) ........:----50.00
Zien, S. L.............275.00
Zlatnik, Mrs...........lO.CO
Zimmerman, D........26.00
Zien, S.................100.00
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SCHflRII TZEDECK
For the year 1944-5
Chairman: Jack Diamond
CHEVBA EADISHA COMMITTEE
D. Davis (Vice-Chairman) W. Izen
E. Morris
SCHABA TZEDECK COMMITTEE
Myer Bro\m (Treasurer)
S. Levi
H. Toban
i I
I
I i
Secretary: D. A. Chertkow, 619 Rogers Bld^., PA. 5852
In ease of bereavement please contact JKfr. D. Davis, President Chevra Kadisha: res. phone, BA. 4057-L; bus. I)hone, PA. 1831. -
e
In addition to the above organizations, under the by-laws as now constituted, Congregation Beth Hamidrosh is also entitled to one member on the Board, and was so represented last year by its appointee, Mr. A. M. Charkow. For this year, although approached, this Congregation has not yet lyiade an appointment. Should this be done, the name of its representative will be publicized in a later issue of the Bulletin,
tUi,WBin]luUW>3.:gtg*gq—— . _r—1-