Friday, December 22, 1967
JEWISH WESTERN BULJCiETIN
Page Thirty-one
Joyous Chanuka Greetings to the entire Jewish Community
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ETHICS OF THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS
HUMAN RELATIONS IN JEWISH LAW by Leo Jung
Jewish Education Commitee Press
173 pp. $3.50. New York:
REVIEWED BY MILTON R. KONVrrZ
IN EVERY GENERATION it
becomes necessary to see the ethical commands of Judaism with fresh vision. The assumptions and the needs of one generation do not hold for another. The setting in which the Jew finds himself is different, the pressures on him
are different, his temptations are different, his expectations and his responses are different. And so it happens that the "ethics of the fathers" are not necesarily the ethics of the sons and daughters.
This phenomenon has been much less of a threat to Judaism than it would have been had Judaism developed into a religion of authoritarian dogmas. No person or institution has presumed to claim infallibility with respect to matters of Jewish faith or morals. There is an amplitude of room for differences of opinion. Judaism can accommodate a Beth Shammai and a Beth Hillel. One can choose among the great teachers as a guide one who is conservative, strict, narrow, and legalistic, or one who is liberal, broad, equitable, and free in his method of interpretation. And thei:e is no "Bat Kol," no voice
from heaven that is heard to resolve the dispute. The resolution takes place in the mind and heart of the individual as he listens to and weighs the opposing sides.
This is why each generation needs a new "Moreh Nebuchim," a new "Guide for the Perplexed." Judaism's aggiornamento has been a continuing process: It has
always faced the world, even i when its world was confined to the shtetl or the wall-encircled ghetto, for at least the nattural world that was part of God*s creation was always there to be faced; and Judaism made no sharp separation between the sacred I and the secular. As the Jew became aware of the secular, he I felt compelled to assimilate it to the realm of the sacred by giving' it qualities which identified it as part of the "Jewish world — his own world of values.
But two important things were indispensable for this process of | constant re-writing of a guide for | ;he perplexed Jew. They werei Torah — immersion in the great | sea of Jewish learning; and wisdom — knowledge of life, of the conditions of life, of the social | environment and its challenges to the Jews exposed to its demands and pressiu-es.
This combination is found in the Hebrew Scriptures, which includes Ecclesiastes and Proverbs, as well as Genesis and Leviticus, and is tjTpical of the Talmud and of all Jewish literature.
IT WOULD OF COURSE, be a gross exaggeration to claim that (Continued on Page 32) See HUMAN RELATIONS
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