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Pressures of growing pains
Preserving the past and protecting the uture can be at irreconcilable odds.
GAIL LITCHTMAN SPECIAL TO THE JEWISH BULLETIN
Jerusalem
Urban planning and development arouse controversy even under ideal circumstances. All the more so when it is taking place in a historic city where the tensions between ])reserving the past and meeting tlie needs of the Cutui-e can sometimes seem at almost iri'cconcilable odds.
Jerusalem is steeped in 3,000 yeai's of history. It is a city holy to three religions — Judaism, Christianity and Islam — a place whose very stones have been imbued with a sanctity of their own and whose streets and neighbors evoke deep-seated emotional responses.
Yet, at one and the same time, Jerusalem is the capital and largest city of the state of Israel; a modem town whose population has
grown by 32 percent in the past decade and is now approaching 600,000.
This means that Jerusalem, whose population is expected to reach about 680,000 by the year 2000, will need more housing, more schools, more roads and more businesses in order to meet the needs of this increasing populace.
Massive development is al-I'eady underway. The Jerusalem Development Authority, the independent statutory body jointly established in 1989 by the Jei-usalem municijjality and the Israeli government to initiate and promote developjnent in the city, is currently directing more than $1 billion worth of projects in real estate, transportation and industry.
But how does one preserve the unique, historic nature of Jerusalem while providing the city with all the needs of a mod-
Gail Llchtman is a writer with World Zionist Press Sei-uice.
Jerusalem celebrates its reunification Friday, May 17 on Yam Yerushalaylm (Jerusalem Day).
em capital and an intcmation-al city?
'Tlie consci-vation of the many layers of heritage, culture and life which have accumulated in the historical cities of the world, is a problem wiiich ... affects the daily lives of theii- populations," says Jerusalem mayor Ehud Olmert.
Some historic cities, such as Kloi-ence and Vc;nice, have opted fill-the mu.scHiiii appniach, forgoing devel()|3ment to the point where their historic hearts are tourist meccas, not living urban centres.
At the other extreme are cities such as Cairo and Istanbul which have almost totally lost or destroyed their historic quarters. In the middle are those cities that are trying to integrate the demands of modem life with the historic, ideal vision of their past, like Paris, Rome, Amsterdam and Barcelona.
Jerusalem has chosen the middle path.
One of it's most successful preservation projects is Nahalat Shiva, one the first neighborhoods built outside of the Old City walls. Slated for demolition in the 1970s, the area was instead renovated tmd turned into a charming centre of cafes, restaurants and shops, retaining its architectui-al uniqueness.
"Nahalat Shiva is beautiful, authentic, real and alive," says David Guggenheim of the Jerusalem-based Guggenheim and Bloch Architects and Ur-banists, who also co-chaired the recent Third Jemsalem Conference on Heritage — Making Historic Cities Livable. 'The past is the basis of the future."
Nowhere is this more apparent than the new City Hall Square. Inaugurated in June