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THE  NEW CANADIAN
Wednesday, rvは
er1:
Fourth EstoU
Ori棚talTront
Rivalry On Endless Deadlines
Bjr KIM WILLENSCm
L TOKYO.—Imagine 500. reporters and photographers camping おtents on the WSit* Houselawn for a couple of daya just to " fcjjre they were present when President Johnson announced a few chjum(M in his cAbiま
k r^J*«^ne an. executive of a .major newspaper attacking the publisher of another with a sword because the competition was 豕ettin豕やfierce.
-Im«g1n« sending: 'reporters down into a.live volcano to chedc onlovers committing, suicide,
No， you have an idea of some of the things that with new^peringinJapan' past and present
,WSen Japanese newsmen campeS out on the' ^unds of Prime やnlater EUakuSato's officialresidence for two days at the endofJ[ulyjnobodybaUedimeyelaJBh,
It WM nothing more than a repeat of抑aimualperformance. Six years ago when thelate Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda formed hi a first cabin6t1»6P0 newsmen siiowed up, しForty-od4 ye，rs柳a pre<^ssor of Sato awoke to discover t)m，'. an enterprising^ report.e? Kid a，hieved a scoop .on. a . new cabinet 'list.by cre^pf^- imder his' house and..eavesdropping from beneath the floor b^iii?ds of the smoke-fille<i room for 36hoursに
But'that Vv貼in the1920's, another era of Japanese journalism, altogether, when the thr^ great newspapers pftoday, the Mai-ゅhi,. Asiihi .and Yomiuri 'were engaged in open war: Tke exploits
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The Yomiuri once sent n reporter-photoglyph er team to write a...gri£ly附ieS from inside Mount .MiHara,. a volcano best .known "a suicide.:leap for :the ■lovelorn. It 'w貼called' a "scientぱic ex-feditionノ，
The As«hi sent a man to the United States in a diiiciUち《nd
hardly blinked when he failed to send l>ack any atoriea ^>r sevenU months. Its inventive rewrite迈en ， to诉theflengthy stories on his "adventures," and when his. 'first words' did come iii.they were in the form of a simple dable: "Need money, regards." Thも paper sent iぃ，
■Of course; there are moi"e.than100 daily newapa^ra in cities cmtside' Tokyo. .Thelargest o£ these so "Cidled proYinciaTdailies
the ChubuNipppnShimbun,or "Chuniohi，" of N柳沐with a circulation of'1,900，000. But still,the re a! giants are' in Tokyo with its pop. ulat ion. ofll..million.:.
Theぉainichi,:A^rancLYo2niuri each sellabout.four million •papers aday.. Actually,: their totalcirculation i  do able that' Since :each. produces both.: ra ornin.g:'and., aft枕no (in edit ions. .Hiis .is more than the'combinedてcirculat ion匿of: all-the. daily.-news"pe.ra'.in ariy, .0thercount;ryexce]^t:'.United''Stiltes.:or,B?ritaiiL,ノ''
.They.:ぉot:that; :big: thro叫K .fierce'.:circulati6n .wars that .saw gsngs of rivalnewsboys beatほup oiie anothfer in the provinces, along, with,■■extreme, pressure 'tactic."pplKto. get,subscribers.
'In:the.i20's and 30，s.'when Miiteuねro.'Shorik^,.owner Yomiuri, was bunding his pa per from a tiny Aeet inTokycJ to |i greatdaily riv^alingtheMaimぉsmd As a hi, he used allkinds of circulation gimmick?...,.
He. sponsored, .free fairs and chiysanthemum國:，shows.. - flower admii^EKi'b.y the 、Ja]paT^ese.、even more .'than cherry■ blossoms) and ■p.rinte^ Ueketis .in:'newspaper..
He was the first to sponsor and publiaJithe results of "go" and "shogri" (fonnsi)fJapanさsechessimttchesメmongthe injasters, ■the fir5ぃto、:'publish...a:.page:d(6Voted,1o i*adio, and.he brougl^tbaae-balland commercialtelevision ..to Japan.
The thre« big papers eventually drove nvariy of their small riValsciiitoJf bu sinews andsp ark e<I c6mぉtitionwiursforfir9t placも
An executi\fe froni i)ne of thもother "bifir thi:6e" dailies iitiax:k-■■ed: Sh.orikr:.with Samurai' swotd .:and.. almo'3ivkilI.W..hhn'-as' h^ei. stepp";fromhi"ffi(jeoiieぉy.in,th!e.:l的0，s.:::
The fighぃforcii^ulAtioれhas qiiietedd own si nee then, partly by agre^eht amongtheiiewspaperstheinselvMtalimit "ぉcessive competition," but thebatt!にto be first withゆe newsお舰going -Strong，、. ：':■■,-'■'.■,::,-■:■■
One/result ..of: the n各tネ.onwide 'circulation.of':thei big three papers —'■ .'Uley 'are:, de.livere^:ぉily,. in every: city:,and' town in Japan >-is that they hi vるto pro dueielit 一 rally dp zens oflまliJditions serve alltheir readers. :.ににnにi
Its news staff alone totals1,800 m仇It tiiinka nothing assigning.100 :mもn    more.: to .a major breaking:きtorylike :the tぉn air disasters near Tokyolast.March.
in1合59, Mainidii mobmzed around100 newsmen to get tKざ firstヽvoid of the engagem印t of former Princess Sugfa, the youngest da lighter of Emperor Hiir当to. The paper niainU^insmore than a dozeivairpねneis and heliicopters to geぃ.the news, 一
Like the othertwひ：big papers, I he Mainichi prints simultaneously at plants scattered from Sappoh) in the. far north, through Tokyo and Osaka in the midlands to Fulcuoka in the south of this 1,500-mile clvain.
To <io so iもmust niiaintain幼enormous and complex— system of private CO mm \in i cat ions facilities, including electronic facsimile machines that can transmit a page at a time,, and 'Tcanji" teletypes capable of printing in all1,850 Chinese characters, 96letters of two Japanese alphabets, the English alphat?et find name rale«
The New
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TOKYO."Cr"'ded Japan has tentaU"ly'decided not 't<]r import workefs; 'from.less developed countries to help alleviate a growing.— scardt.y. ofl^r*
ThelUibor-Ministry is..authoritatively reported 'to, have' reject* ed a proposalthat 3000 to 4000 young workers be sent here from —th ..Korea. It fav9rs. witrain-ing and.re-employment of older, ゃrkeぉ,more technicjaleducation a n(T streamlining of busineぉ structures to   inc.rease -pr^uc-'
In recenに.years, Japan'slab of sはuaUonlias changed from chro-やover-supply to a growing shortage, particularly among youths^
While industry expands, the post-war decline in the birthrate and the almost universal"sire for
ゅe number of high schoor and junior high schoolgrad\jat«s en-t«"rin^ thelabor Tuarket 、y about thpe« percent armaim》'. ,La St spring,' even with Japan in the grip of a recession, th«re were two jobs for e»cK high school graduate inTokyo. Fjictories, h。te，s and d stoゃin the c*jiiul ryu^jor dti«e ha" in re wit y"rs to… personnel in Hok"ido Honshu, in Kpwh
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