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16.3 percent of the catch taken in Area 29.
The biggest return was to Horsefly, which had the largest run since 1913 with 9.5 million fish total run. Productivity of the lower Horsefly was 16 fish per spawner, compared to 10 fish per spawner in the upper river, suggesting that even larger returns will occur in the future.
Woodey said the size of the Horsefly run was unexpected because of misleading indications in the numbers and size of smolt in Quesnel Lake. "This case points out the imprecision of forecasting rather than indicating marine survival was higher than expected," he said. "Other Fraser stocks also did not experience abnormally high marine survival."
Another bright spot was the Late Stuart run, which produced a record 1.9 million fish. In stark contrast was the Early Stuart run, which returned only 335,000 fish, about half of the pre-season forecast. Woodey blamed low winter temperatures during brood year incubation for the poor returns.
The commission believes an optimum escapement in 1981 the total was less than half the 230,000 required — would have
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provided enough returns for an Indian fishery and a limited commercial fishery.
The 1985 run totalled 18.7 million fish, "probably the largest on record going back to 1913," Woodey said. The prediction was for only 16 million. Catches of 12 million pinks were the second largest since records have been kept in 1959. Recreational fishermen took 138,000 pinks and Indians landed 101,000.
Canadian catches within the Fraser panel area accounted for 2.7 million or 33.4 percent of the total. Fisheries outside the area took 5.6 million pinks. The commission estimates the U.S. share of the total catch was 32.7 percent.
Commission biologist Mike Fretwell reported on the disturbing decline in pink escapement above Hell's Gate despite the increase in total escapement to the system.
Tagging studies support the theory that fish are delayed by certain water conditions in the lower canyon that obstruct their migration. Increased stress resulting from the delays could account for a major decline in the spawning success as well as dramatically increased spawns in rivers like the Coquihalla.
"Based on average returns per
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spawner," Fretwell said, "we would have expected approximately 1.35 million pinks to the upper river areas. The actual escapement was only 35 percent of that expectation.
"This year's observations indicate that further remedial work is needed at several locations where natural or man-made obstacles obstruct fish migration at certain water levels."
The message from the IPSFC as it ended its 49-year life was optimistic. Commission chairman Rollie Schmitten estimated the IPSFC has cost the two governments $42.7 million during the past half century.
The landed value to commercial fishermen of Fraser sockeye and pinks during the same period was $900 million.
If wholesale values were calculated, the total would run into billions. Average annual sockeye runs during the past four years has been 9.7 million fish, Schmitten said, "or almost equal to the historic 10 million fish per year average during the pre-Hell's Gate period.
"The 1984 sockeye run was the largest run on record for that cycle while the 1985 return of 13.7 million fish was the largest for the cycle since 1913."
There still is room for improvement, Schmitten said. The Canadian government is regaining control with the streams "in the condition of not only great abundance but on the verge of exceeding historic numbers of fish.
"We believe this can be achieved without significant facilities and expenses."
Since the commission was began scientific management of the runs in 1946, its achievements included:
• construction of 17 separate fishways, including the key Hell's Gate fishways;
• development of stock-by-stock management;
• creation of six incubation and spawning channels that contribute seven percent of production;
• publication of 32 reports on environmental hazards.
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2/THE FISHERMAN - DECEMBER 12,1985