Friday, September 5, 1947
THE FISHERMAN
Page Five
Death Ovens
These are the cremation ovens used by German Nazis as one means of disposing- of the bodies of their helpless victims. This is a scene from the moving picture "Nuremberg Trials," opening next Sunday midnight at the State Theatre in Vancouver.
Nuremberg Trials Vivid Portrayal Of Living History
"Nuremberg Trials" which is to have its first B.C. showing at the State Theatre for one week starting with midnight show Sunday, September 7, marks something new in moving pictures. Here on the screen will be the living history of one of the worlds most important events.
"We will last a thousand years," Hitler boasted to his supposed supermen at Nuremberg in 1938. Eight years later a court composed of the chief allied powers sent most of the culprits to their just fate on the gallows. The story of this grim trial ii powerfully told in the "Nuremberg Trials."
"Nuremberg Trials" is more than just a series of episodes of the trial itself. From hundreds of miles of films taken during the eleven months of trials, skilful editing shows only the dramatic highlights. More time is taken flashing back to the actual crimes against humanity perpetrated by these criminals. Flashbacks relate the earlier career of the Nazi advance and the lives of Goer-ing, Schacht, Streicher, Funk, Keitel et. al in their hey day. It is amazing how much ground the film covers in this period in the little over an hour it takes.
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SPECIAL SIZE, OPENING REGULATIONS SEEN NECESSARY FOLLOWING SURVEY
Since the ocean salmon troll fishery lands in excess of six and one-half millions of pounds of silver and chinook salmon in the State of Oregon some years, the adequate conservation of these resources cannot be assured without the proper regulation and control of this type of fishery exploitation. Proper management of any fisheries population depends upon the complete knowledge and control of all factors which tend to diminish by a significant degree the ultimate survival of the populations. Therefore, the Fish Commission has attempted during the past year to gather all available knowledge, observe the actual fishery in operation, and gather pertinent biological data by which a management program might be inaugurated.
We have utilized previous studies dating back to 1918 and 1919 by Dr. E. Victor Smith and Pror fessor Kincaid (1920; studies by Dr. Willis H. Rich (1925); and recent data gathered by Dr. Wi M. Chapman (1939. These data, when compiled with our ovfa findings, give us a basis for the following suggested changes in the existing laws.
Objectives of the Study
Our immediate objectives of the troll fishery study have been: first, to determine the magnitude of the troll fishery in terms of the other methods of fishing; second, whether the maximum utilization of the resource is now being obtained by this fishery; and third, if practices inimical to the most efficient utilization and proper conservation of the species are being carried on, what measures might be invoked which will ultimately give the maximum sustained yield commensurate with proper   conservation principles.
The Fishery
The ocean troll fishery on the Oregon coast began in the early nineteen hundreds, but did not become a large factor in the exploitation of the salmon populations of Oregon until about 1916. During the next few years the trolling became extremely intense with upward of 2,000 small boats fishing off the mouth of the Columbia River, although it must be remembered that the ocean fishery at that time was concentrated off the mouth of the Columbia River and operated with
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This is a report prepared by the Oregon Fish Commission for their use and the Washington State Department of Fisheries. The biologists of the Washington Department of Fisheries have consulted with the staff of the Oregon Fish Commission and concur in the results and conclusions presented.
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small boats and comparatively inefficient gear.
Accurate catch statistics are not available on this fishery until 1929, and since this date the annual catch of the two principle species has fluctuated widely from year to year.
Until 1941 the average annual silver (coho) landings were about three million pounds. During the war years the catches declined and have again increased gradually during the past three years. Undoubtedly the tuna fishery, which developed rapidly in 1942, 1943 and 1944, caused a portion of the observed decline in the troll salmon landings.
The Chinook (spring) troll catch has fluctuated around one million pounds, but the landings have increased during the past two years to over two millions of pounds.
Thus, in the case of the silvers, the landings have gradually been declining from a peak in 1935 of over six million pounds, while the chinook catches have maintained about the same average production during the past eighteen years.
Growth of Silver Salmon
The commercial ocean troll fishery for silvers operated entirely on one year class of fish, those in their third year of life. Furthermore, studies by many biologists have shown that the silver salmon mature and spawn at the end of their third year of life.
Growth of the silver salmon during its last five months of life in the ocean has been studied. A fish weighing about three pounds during the first part of May, will reach between ten and twelve pounds by October, the time of maturity. Thus, during this short span of time a 400 percent increase in weights has occurred.
The intensive landings of silvers begins during the latter part of May, when the average size of the fish is about four and one-half pounds. Studies by Smith (1920), show the quality of these small salmon was inferior to the mature fish in every respect. A tremendous gain would incur by allowing these fish to remain and grow for even another month or two.
Following is a table of the average weights of samples of silver salmon taken during the spring of 1947 from all ports of the Oregon coast, including loads landed as far south as Bandon, Oregon.
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	of	Dressed Wghts	
Date	Fish .	Weight	(plus
			15%)
5, 25-31	534	4.7	5.4
6/1-7	5,789	4.8	5.5
6,8-14	1,611	4.8	5.5
6/15-21	6,788	4.8	5.5
6,,22-28	527	5.2	6.0
6/29-7,5	774	6.2	7.1
7/6-12	356	6.7	7.8
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Average Weights of Troll Caught Silver Salmon Landed in Oregon by   7   Day Periods—1947
App.
Numbers Average Round
It may be seen that during 1947 in the space of seven weeks the average weight of silver salmon increased 42.6 percent. Every 1,000 pounds caught during the latter part of May would have increased to 1,426 pounds during the succeeding seven weeks. Were the fish allowed to increase in size from 5.4 pounds to 7.1 pounds, a period of only six weeks before being taken, about 30 percent fewer fish would yield the same catch in pounds to the fisherman. A greater efficiency would be attained as well as allowing a larger escapement to the spawning grounds.
Therefore, in order to prevent the waste of this enormous number of small silver salmon it is recommended; 1, that the season for silver salmon be opened on June 15 and closed on November 1 of each year; 2, that the minimum total length for silvers be set at 25 inches.
This is the size limit in California, and will make more or less uniform regulations for the troll fishery all along the Pacific coast for silver salmon since the State of Washington has agreed to these limits.
Chinook Salmon
A great many immature chinook salmon are also taken by the troll fishery. Our studies show that
in some areas and in some years large chinooks are landed at any time of the year. Until the origin of these stocks of fish are determined, it is not believed feasible to set seasonal limits on the troll fishing for chinooks.
It is known that chinooks mature mainly at three, four, five and six years of age with the bulk maturing at the end of their fourth and fifth year.
Age analyses of the small troll caught chinooks show that some are two years old while large quantities are in their third year. As with the silver salmon, tremendous increases in weight occur during the last year or two in the ocean. Therefore, regulations should be imposed which will entirely protect the two and three year old salmon and allow the fishery to operate on the four and five year fish.
A minimum size limit for chinook salmon of 28 inches will protect all two year chinook and a portion of the three year old fish in the spring of their third year. Three year old fish will be subject to the fishery during the summer and fall of their third year and all older fish will enter the catches.
This should allow a more efficient utilization of the resource and prevent the waste in rapid early summer growth in both the silver and chinook salmon off the Oregon coast.
The size limit of 25 inches for silver salmon allows fish weighing about seven pounds total weight to be taken. The 28 inch minimum total length for chinook salmon allows fish of slightly more than nine pounds to be taken. The above weights are fish in the round; troll fish are landed dressed.
It is believed that although these recommendations are not the final answer to proper management of this fishery, these suggested regulations will eliminate in part the slaughter of thousands of small immature salmon off the Pacific coast by the ocean troll fishery. Biological studies will continue, and changes in the regulations may be recommended when the biological findings point to needed changes in order to conserve and utilize to the maximum these resources.
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