USSR Fisheries Chief Gives Stand on Important Issues
IN 1956, Alexander Ishkov visited ' Canada as a guest of federal minister of fisheries James Sinclair and in fact sat down at a banquet in the Fishermen's Hall, arranged in his honor by the Union and its women's auxiliaries and attended by top officials of the federal fisheries department. He is still a Soviet minister—chairman of the state fishing industry committee. Novosti Press Agency correspondent Nikolai Panteleyev recently interviewed Ishkov on a number of questions of interest to the BC fishing industry. The questions and answers follow.
* * *
What is your opinion of the present state of the Soviet fisru-ing industry?
The industrialisation of the Soviet country provided the necessary technical basis for the rapid development of the fishing industry. But World War 2 inflicted a colossal damage on our fisheries. A considerable part of the fishing vessels were sunk or put out of commission, while many enterprises ashore were destroyed. The hard work of the Soviet people has made it possible to create within a record space of time the world's most modern fishing fleet which can operate in the ocean. Most of the fish is now caught in the high seas of the world ocean. Development of our fishing industry can be illustrated by the following figures: in 1953 the total catch of fish in the Soviet Union was 1.75 million tons, while in 1962 it reached 4.1 million tons. The increase was achieved primarily due to the technical retooling of the fishing industry. At present our ships have up-to-date radio direction finders, refrigerators and fish processing equipment. Fishing is conducted the year round. Most ships have electronic fishfinders helping in the search for shoals.
★ * *
What are the further plans of the Soviet fishing industry? Can the USSR be expected to export fish to other countries? In the first place, I would like to stress that fishing in the Soviet Union is not a commercial enterprise. Its chief and, as a matter of fact, sole aim is to help provide Soviet man with tasty and nourishing food. Soviet people love fish, which figures prominently in their
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diet. But although our fishing in dustry works well, it still lags behind the growing requirements of the population.
The Soviet government has adopted a decision to bring the catch of fish and other sea products toward 1985, the last year of the Seven Year Plan, to at least five million tons. This is not an easy task. In order to ensure its fulfilment research is being conducted to determine new regions of the world ocean rich in fish as well as further to improve the technical facilities.
While developing oceanic fishing we do not forget, of course, about our inland reservoirs. Work is conducted on an ever greater scale to improve the natural conditions of spawning and breed valuable varieties of fish in artificial conditions. Fishing in rivers, lakes and ponds has its advantage. It permits avoidance of the refrigeration stage, for the fish is caught near to the consumers. This obviates the need for costly long distance transportation of a perishable product.
As regards export of fish to other countries, we are not going to conduct it on a big scale. Whereas we export a small part of our catch, we import about as much from other countries.
* + * What are the possibilities of
the world ocean? Will it have
enough fish for all if the fishing
industry develops intensively?
This is a topical question. Until now the natural food resources of the ocean have been utilised extensively, with fishermen of all countries just searching for fish and taking it away from the sea.
These resources are colossal; and they are restored rapidly. According to specialists, the ocean has about 90 percent of man's potential food. It is inhabited by more than 150.000 species of animals and more than 10,000 species of plants.
Although the riches of the ocean are tremendous, they are not unlimited.
It should be noted that fishing in the world ocean is conducted unevenly. The northern hemisphere accounts for more than 90 percent of all fish and other sea products obtained by man. As a result, there is the danger of decline in catch in some regions of the world ocean. Many fishing companies reluctant to reclaim new regions and catch new species of fish, prefer to follow the trodden path. They operate where their grandfathers did
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and try to increase the catch through intensification.
In recent years many countries have sharply increased the production of fish flour. It is a progressive phenomenon in itself, but when the flour is made from valuable or even rare species or from young fish, this turns into rapacious destruction of the riches of the sea.
But even in these conditions the possibilities of the ocean are far from having been exhausted. Its waters still contain unreclaimed food resources. It is only in some of its regions that the world ocean has been sharing some of its wealth with man. Scientific research conducted in recent years has helped to discover new fishing regions.
In the opinion of foremost Soviet specialists, the catch of fish, crustaceans and molluscs in the world ocean can be doubled without fear of depletion of its wealth. This will be possible, of course, if fishing is conducted rationally and not rapaciously, with the ever: distribution of fishing regions and close cooperation of all countries concerned.
As I have said, Soviet fishing in the ocean is developing on the basis of systematic research and scouting work conducted by vessels of fisheries research institutes situated in Murmansk, Kaliningrad, Vladivostok and Kerch.
In recent years they have found stocks of herring in the northwestern regions of the Atlantic Ocean and conducted successful expeditions in the equatorial Atlantic, where stocks of sardines and other fish have until now remained unutilised.
Thorough research and scouting work has been carried out in the Bering Sea, where areas have been found with considerable stocks of valuable and commercial fish. ★ * ★ In recent period it has been claimed in the Western press that the Soviet fishing fleet operating in the high seas is a threat to the stocks of fish and other valuable products of the world ocean products of the terests of other countries. What will be your comment? Such allegat'ons are due either to the incompetence of their authors or to the bias of the press organs concerned.
On the contrary, the Soviet Union is undertaking great efforts to ensure that fishing in the world ocean be conducted with taking stock of the interests of all countries, without any discrimination.
The Soviet Union participates in all main multilateral agreements on fishing and strictly fulfils its obligations.
The fishing industry is an integral part of the Soviet national economy, where socialist planning
is a law. In the development of Soviet fishing the principle of planning is expressed, first and foremost, in the rational utilisation of the riches of the sea. m providing a permanent raw material base capable of supplying the population with sea products without interruption. That is why the Soviet government shows special concern for the rational utilisation of the ocean's wealth and comes forward most energetically against its rapacious destruction. If the Soviet Union proceeded from self seeking interests, giving no thought to tomorrow, it would not invest such colossal means in the fishing industry, create a powerful modern fishing fleet and perfect the technology of fishing.
The Soviet Union takes an active part in various international organisations engaged in regulating and rationalising the catch of fish, and also in international scientific research, consistently working for recognition of the principles of scientifically - grounded utilisation of the riches of the world ocean.
Soviet fishing is conducted on a strictly scientific basis. Our scientists not only work persistently to find new fishing regions, but also take into consideration the common interest of all countries in the development of fishing on a rational basis.
Concerned with,the study of the seas and oceans Soviet scientists are not only undertaking efforts to utilise the marine wealth correctly, but even remaking the nature of the seas and oceans whenever this is necessary. For instance, salmon breeding is conducted in the Far East, where 28 Soviet enterprises breed Siberian, humpbacked and other salmon species and set the young free in the high seas in the northwestern part of the Pacific. In the last five years an average of more than 320 million fry were bred, and in 1962 the figure reached 415 million.
In recent years an important experiment has been conducted in acclimatising Far Eastern salmon in the White and Barentz seas. The Murmansk breeding factories let into these seas annually tens of millions of fry of Far Eastern Siberian and humpbacked salmon. This valuable fish, a new settler in the northern seas, is already caught by the fishermen of Norway, Iceland and Britain. The Soviet Union keeps increasing the scale of its work in acclimatising valuable fish varieties in the high seas.
No matter how colossal the possibilities of the ocean may be, they have to be used rationally. This applies to all states engaging in fishing. We have always insisted and will continue to insist on this principle. If it is strictly observed, the world ocean will be still more generously sharing its wealth with man.
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ALEXANDER ISHKOV products of the sea must be used rationally.
Soviet Status May Be Topic
Federal fisheries minister H. J. Robichaud said in the House last week that inclusion of the USSR in the Norpac treaty was "probably being discussed now at the Washington meeting . . ."
He was replying to Frank Howard, MP for Skeena, who asked him "what steps are being taken and what progress is being made toward getting the Soviet Union to become a member of the North Pacific Fisheries Treaty."
"This is a question which concerns the three countries which are taking part in the North Pacific Treaty," Robichaud replied. "It is probably being discussed now at the Washington meeting, but I do not believe this is a proper time for me to make any statement in this matter."
UNION SUBMITS 12 MILE BRIEF
■ The United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union has submitted a detailed brief to federal minister of fisheries H. J. Robichaud outlining its position on the 12 mile limit.
It calls for a flat declaration by Canada without recognition of socalled "historical rights" which the Union regards as meaningless. The main treaties on which the United States and France will base their claims for special privileges were signed before Confederation.
For the first time in history, Canadian and United States trawlers can take halibut.
The International Halibut Commission released amended regulations effective June 8 under which trawling for halibut will be permitted in a section of the Bering Sea.
This is looked on by many old time longliners as the first major breakdown in the Pacific Halibut Fishery Convention which has been regulating the North American halibut fisheries for 31 years.
The regulation which permits the use of nets to fish halibut in a section of the Bering Sea has been summarised by the Commission in these words: "Halibut may not be taken with nets of any kind, EXCEPT in waters of Bering Sea west of 175 west and north of a line running from Cape Newenham to a point close to St. Paul Island as described in section 12 of the regulations."
Cape Newenham is approximately 58° 39' 00" north latitude at 162° 10' 25" west longitude while the point northeast of St. Paul Island to which the line runs is 57 15' 00" north latitude at 170° 00' 00" west longitude. The line proceeds thence to a point of intersection with the meridian of 175°
west longitt 58° 38' 00" i The Comm granting of 1 to Japan irf j by the CanJ ments on ref appointees North Pacifil sion.
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