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North-African I^ws in Paris
By J. NEUMANN
FROM THE MELLAHS TO MONTMMRE
During the summer months the narrow, climbing streets of Montmartre, leading to. the Sacre Coeur Church, white and shining In the sun, are dally filled with swarms of tourists from all oy.er the world. Twenty-two-year-old A.8., black-haired and swarthy, walking up Rue Lamarck last week, could have been taken at first sight for one of the sightseers. His thoughts, however, were-_on serious matters, preventing him from paying even the slightest iattentlon to
the romantic scenes.
Ignoring thie Sacre Coeiu- on his right, he wais looking for the Jewish Night and Day Shelter. He had arrived in Paris the previous evening and spent the night at the railway station. At the Shelter he could hope for a bed and three meals a day until he found worlc and got his first pay. Then he would be able to move' into a modest hotel and make arrangements for his mother and two sisters, still in Tunisia, to follow liim to France.
In the last ten years K&. has been preceded on the! way from North Africa to France by about JOO.OOO of his coreUglonlsts. The stream, though continual, has fluctuated. It reached Its peak hi 1957-58. No one possesses exact statistics of this immigration but, according to the Paris Jewish Welfare ComraUtce. Tn-nlsian Jews constituted 42 per cent of those who applied for help, in spite of the relative numerlcaT weakness of Jews in Tunisia itself. The others were
A SHORT STORY
By Chaim I. Bermant
Riding To Hounds With Uncle
It all began with Uncle Albert. He was a sportsman. We are all sportsmen in our family, but Uncle Albert was more than a sportsman. He rode a horse, and so amply was he provided financially and physically, that he could have ridden two horses, for Uncle Albert was not only a rider — he was an owner. In this respect he was a pioneer, for he was the first Jew in Eccle-skJrk to own any animal more substantial than a dog. In fact, he kept a stable. He had bought an old house in the country, with some disused stables, and converted the stables into a house and the house into stables.
That was some years ago. His house is now open to the public on Sundays from Apiil to October and Is much in favour with charabanc parties who get lost on the way to Buxton. It is often the scene of lavish entertainment. When the Eccleslcirk J.P.A. campaign opens it Is always preceded by a private dinner in the country-house, to which everyone in Eccleskirk is invited. Esther Williams stayed there when she came to inaugurate the Eccleskirk Mik.va and so did Jayne Mansfield when she came to open the annual bazaar of the Eccleskirk Chesed Shel Emeth. It could not. I suppose, compare as an historic residence, and Uncle Albert was verj' much a gentleman. He was al.so a J.P,
to remain where he was. Aunt
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Avril, however, was not content, and it was at her bidding that he applied to join the Eccleskirk Hunt. He did not anticipate any difficulty, for he was on excellent terms wtth Mr. Shaugh-nessy, the Hon. Treasurer of the Hunt (who also happened to be his office manager), and he ordered a full outfit — pink coat, breeches, riding-cap, the lot. When he put them on, everybody agreed that he looked as smart as Mr. Vespesian C!ohen, the caterer and Master of Cere-, monies to every kosher- function in Eccleskirk — other than those under the super\-lsion of the Beth Din. However, it was all rather premature, and Uncle Albert was not elected. He would have forgotten about it, were it not for the fact that, if you are not a huntsman, there is nothing much you can do with a pink coat, white breeches, and riding cap. And, in any case, Aunt Avril reminded him.
Mr. Shaughnessy , explained what had hap'pened. "Well, you see it's like this," he said. "There's the committee, and there's the sub-committee, you see, and I put it to the committee. Well, naturally we agreed that a fellow with your name and experience would be an asset, and we agreed imanimously by seven votes to four, with three abst-aining. that we should put your name to the sub-committee, but it so happened that the four who was against the three who abstained was all members of the sub-committee, and that was that."
When he passed on this Information to Aunt Avril, she said nothing, which made him a little ner\-ouj5: for when she said nothing, something was brewrlng.
It was this. Aunt Avril was Treasurer of the Eccleskirk Committee for the Rehabilitation of Fallen Women. Before the First World War this used to be
It was natural that a person of such grace and eminence should wish to go higher, but then. Uncle Albert was not natural, and he was quite content
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The transatlantic steiamship lines will introduce this Fall "across-the-board" fare reduct-tions for all classes. They will amount to 25 percent of the regular, one-way thrif tweason rates for specdal '•21-full-days-ashore" tripe. Sailings may be from either U. S. or Canadian ports.
The new 2S per cent excursion' far reductions will apply b» tween Nov. 1 and Feb. 28, 1962. They will bring minimum round-trip tourist-class far^ on most vessels to. less than $300 round-trip to Britain, $310 round-trip, to France, with "comparably low fares on other routes. The excursion discount applies to all accomodations in all classes of all ships of all 24 memlier lines of the TransAtJantdc Steamship Conference. Round-trip passages may be niade by any combination of lines, routes, .shlpw or classes.
UNDER THIS NEW bargain rate plaii, 21 full days are provided ashore,: not counting the days of arrival or departure, llhus, a passenger sailing from the U.S. or Canada on Feb, 28, for Instance, and arriving at the. European port of debarkation on March 7, could return on any ship sadlirig from any port in Europe on or before March 29.
Since the excursion fare redacr tions apply to^ round-trip by any combination lines, ships and ports, the piassenter has a wide variety of itineraries to cfaooee from.
pifE HAVEN
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RIDING & BOARDING S STABLES PRIVATE INSTRUCTION SPECIAL CARE AND ATTENTION TO ' JUNIORS AND BEGINNERS
SHEPRARD AVE . AGlNCOURT
AX. 3-3801
the premier welfare society of the town, but, since then, no woman had apparently fallen as low as Eccleskirk, and the society' while retaining its old name, now devoted its efforts mainly to stray cats. As one of its members, put it: "The principle's the same — only the animal's different." It was still under distinguished patronage, and the President was the Marchioness of Eccleskirk. It also happened that the Master of the Eccleskirk Hounds was the Marquis. "The Marchioness and I are just like that," Aunt Avril used to say, putting two fingers together, and I was never certain who was the bottom finger and who the top, but it was true that they mixed a lot socially. The Marchioness was incited tc cousin Ignatius's Barmitzvah — but never came, and Aunt Avril was invited to the Eccleskirk. Hall Staff Ball — and she went.
One afternoon, after an executive meeting of their society. Aunt Avril took the Marchioness aside and poured out her heart to her. It took the best part of the afternoon, because Aunt Avrtl has a big heart.
"Dear, oh dear!" said the Marchioness, "I can't understand why that's happened. Yoiu- husband is such a gentlemaij. Can he ride a horse?"
"Like Lady Godiva," said Aunt Avril. "1 mean, couldn't you say a word to your husband about it?"
"I would willingly, only we don't speak to each other." "You don't?" "Not'a wbrd"
"Couldnt you write him a note?"
'Yes, that might help. I'll do that." But it was possible that the Marquis did not read her notes. At all events, nothing happened, and after a month Aunt Avril left the Committee for the Rehabilitation of Fallen Women, and Joined the Eccleskirk Anti-Blood Sports League. She might have been elected President, were it not for the fact that she became Chairman of the Social sub-Committee of the Eccleskirk Jewish Hunt. But that is another story.
equally divided between Algerians and Moroccan^.
About one half of the Immigrants have settled in the Paris irea; while the others have stayed in the ^onth of France, About one half of the immi-and Lyons. The Jewish community of Marseilles has grown in this way from less than 10,000 to over 30,000. Nice, Alx-en-Pro-vence, and Avignon have become new centres of Jewish life.
Since April, 1959, Timisian and Moroccan immigrants are considered as foreigners. Moroccans need both-a carte de sejour (re-, sidence permit) and a work permit, while the "Tunisians, subject to different regulations need the carte only. But the difficulties they meet in obtaining the necessary permits, together with the obstacles put in the. way of Moroccan Jews wishing to emigrate, have changed the stream of arrivals into a trickle. On the other hand, immigration from Algeria seems to be on the increase. Algerian Jews, being French citizens, do not have to register with tiie authorities.
Numbers alone cannot reflect the real impact of the changes going on in French Jewry. The Paris Consistoire recognized this change two years ago, when the city's second biggest synagogue, in the Rue des Toumelles, was turned over to the Sephardim.
Through Immigration from North Africa, three Paris districts — the 4th, 11th. and 20th— have become centres of Jewish life. After the war there were six kosher butchers' shops in Paris; today there are nearly 40. About 80 per cent of their customers are North African Jews.
There are now ten s>-nagogues in the Paris area, but it is planned to build more. Thanks to the Influx from North Africa, new Jewish communities are being organized in the suburbs, like Oriy. Sarcelles, VUIiers-le-Bel. Montmorency, and Varenne. Not only are North African Jews taking over the leadership of new communities; even in the existing ones they are obtabiing increasingly responsible positions.
The transition from an , Ash-kenazi majority to something approaching Sephardi preponderance within French Jewry, at least as far as the religiously active part of it is concerned, is going on smoothly. Men like Rabbi Abraham Moshe Finger-hut, who, although an AshkenazI, In President of the Union of
The Canadian Jewish News, Friday, August 11, 1961-7
It is fashionable to come to
Cumberland Street
Out much-frovelled ond experienced stoff takes pleasure in smoothing the woy for your happieft trips anywhere in the world.
CLAIRE WALLACE
TRAVEL BUREAU LTD. 126-A Cumberland St.
WA. 5-4284
North African Jews in France^ his wife is Algerian and seven of his eight children were born in Algeria — have helped to. ensure this. Many Sephardim worship In Ashkehazi synagogues near their homes, and vice versa.-
Together with housing and emr ployment, the problem of family cohesion causes much concern to the North African immigrants. In their changed circumstances the authority of the father, as firm as a rock in Tunisia or Morocco is Hable to break down. "There are families which have constituted a constant social problem since their arrival in France ten years ago and on each member of which a whole novel could be written," says Miss~ Schwob, chief social worker of the Jewish Welfare Committee.
The weakening of family bonds, through sudden integration into modem life, is among the causes of relatively high juvenile delinquency in the North African Jewish community in France. But it \s also one of the factors in assimilation, which is an increasing danger, according i to the unanimous opinion of all those concerned with the immigrants. The higher the cultural standard — meaning, of course, French culture — the greater the tendency to assimilation and intermarriage.
"Religious feeling among these people often resembles superstition and breaks down easily after the first onslaught," believes Miss Schwob. "Take the matter of kosher food: When the child first goes to school his parents may at first violently oppose his getting meals there. But once they acquiesce in it. they often hurry to the other extreme and throw away all religious customs."
Why have the immigrants chosen to settle in France rather than Israel? The reasons vary, but the one most often heard concerns family allowances. A North African Immigrant working in Paris as a street sweeper may earn even; less than he would in Israel; but ! if he has nine children his family allowances, on the French social security system, will amount to almost three times ! his pay. A Jew from Constan- | tine, in Algeria, last week told ! me: "My old parents are going to Israel; but I have decided to settle in France as my salary in Israel would hardly enable me to feed my children."
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Luxurious rooms featuring the ultimate in decor, includes kitchenettes. Mode-rote daily, weekly and monthly rates. Famous European chefs and efficient, well-trained stoff makes dining something special.
Soles meetings and banquets in the Mardi Gras Room given personal ottention. All rooms fully licensed.
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15 CHARLES E., TORONTO, WA. 4-7381
LUXURY FALL TOUR
TO ISRAEL & EUROPE
Departure OCT. 10th 1961 - Return OCT. 30th
FULLY CONDUCTED
Mr. & Mrs. Harry J. Pachter
EXPERIENCED TOUR CONDUCTORS |^ \ TO ISRAEL & EUROPE
Mr. H. PACHTIR
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• 3 DAYSIN lONDON
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