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The Canadian Jewish Newi, Fridoy, August 28th, 1964 — Page 3
by JOSEF FRAENKEL
He Co^^^
One day in the late 1800s, three Jewish students in Vienna came together and drew up a statement in German and Hebrew which they posted in the hall of Vienna University. The "Israelites" were their Icins-men, the statement declared, arid it dwelt at length on the "Jewish people" and the "regeneration of the Jewish nation."
From this beginning grew "Kadimah," which the trio —Ruben Bierer, a medical student from Lemberg, Mo-ritz Schnirer, also a medical student, from Bucharest, and Nathan Birnbaum, a law student from Vienna — founded in 1882.
The purpose of the new organisation, the first national Jewish academic union, was to combat assimilation, to fight for the recognition of the Jews as a nation and to establish a Jewish community in Palestine.
The organization's name, "Kadimah," which means "Eastward" or "forward," had been suggested by the Hebrew poet Peretz Smolen-skin. Nathan Birnbaum (1864-1937) was its spiritual leader and theorist. Revolutionary
While still at the secondary school, he had formed the sincerely and deeply held belief that was to in^ spire his later life—that a Jew must regard himself as, above all, a member of a nation, the Jewish nation. At the time, the late 1870s, this was a revolutionary and courageous belief to hold, since every student in Vienna considered himself a member of the German people. They were German, they declared, "as water is wet or sugar sweet."
Birnbaum coined slogans, formulated and propagated theories, gave lectures, published pamphlets and edited magazines, all with-the one aim of achieving the goals of "Kadimah." His dedication was remarkable. Zealot and idealist that he was, he was determined that "Selbst-Emancipation," which he founded in 1885.
should continue publication whatever difficulties lay in the way.
To keep it going, his mother even sold her china shop, and when the money from this was all gone, the students collected money from wherever they could, in order to meet the periodical's printing costs. It was by no means unusual for his colleagues  to  bring him food when they came to see him,  to  keep him from starving while he was writing   and   promoting his "Mottoes for the Regeneration of the Jewish People." Free Thinker The few individuals then interested in Jewish nationalism and Palestine, began to pay-heed to Bimbaum's ideas, and soon young men were coming to his home to hold discussions and make plans for the future of the Jewish people.
Although brought up in the religious tradition, his adherence to it was somewhat superficial. In fact, one Seder evening at the "Kadi mah," in 1893, he made a speech in which he denounced "Yavneh," tradition and confessed to being a freethinker and a Socialist. He marked the occasion by assuming the name "Mathias Acher" ("Another," a man of no name, a stranger). In the same year he published a pamphlet called: "The National Rennaissance of the Jewish People in its Homeland."
When Theodor Herzl's book, "The Jewish State," was published in 1896, Birnbaum reviewed it. Although he expressed some critical views, he regarded himself as a supporter of Herzl's political Zionism. In articles and speeches he agreed with Herzl that "infiltration" into Palestine by members of Hovevei Zion and others must stop and that Jewish setlement in Palestine could only be successful if the country were publicly recognized and legally secured for the Jewish people.
He foresaw that the Zionist Congress called by Herzl
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Would represent a turninj; point m Zionist history, aqc therefore ' endeavoured to win over menibers of Hovevei Zion to the idea of the Gdngress. When H e r z founded the weekly "Die Welt" he invited Birnbaum to be a contributor.
Nathan Bu-nbauni and other political Zionists soon recognised the importance of the Jewish proletariat for the young movement. Zionist propaganda insisted that^ in a Jewish State, which could contribute a great deal to the "social salvation of humanity, Jewish workers >would be freed from the terrible conditions imposed on them by the Diaspora. In Birnbaum, no sensible Socialist would make the impossible demand that the Jews should organise their little State on Socialist lines. If, however. Socialism triumphed it would also be adopted in the Jewish State.
But Nathan Birnbaum saw in Herzl ain outsider, a novtis homo, aspiring to leadership. It had taken Birnbaum 14, years to find a circle of disciples. Even the term "Zionism" had its origin with hm. Members of various Zionist societies turned to him and he was already being acclaimed in the outside world as the
representative of the Zionists. And then, suddenly, Theodor Herzl, a journalist working for the ■ "Neue Freie Presse," appeared on t h e scene and attracted wide attention.   Even Birnbaum's "Kadimah" friends were eager to accept this new leader.  But Herzl did not aspire to leadership—rgther was it thrust upon him. His chief objective was to organise  a ,_5jHccissFul Cbn^ gress, and to this end he welcomed  help   from all quarters, even from Nathan Birnbaum, although aware of the letter's animosity. Rift with Herzl In Vienna, Birnbaum had lived for years in crushing poverty, and this was the reason he left the city. Bv 1896 he had become editor of the  Berlin monthlv, "Zion," but still had no income. He wanted the position of general secretary of the Zionist movement. His aim was to be elected bv the delegates of the first Zionist  Congress  in   Basle in 1897. and not by the Inner Actions   Committee (Zionist Executive). Furthermore, he hoped that the Congress would appoint him a member of the  Inner Actions Committee, in which case his status might be almost comparable  with   that of
Herzl, who was president. He informed his friends of his intentions and demanded their assistance. '
The barrier between Herzl and Birnbauih grew as the opening day of the first Congress drew nearer. The Basle Congress was solemn, dignified and heavy with tension. Delegates and guests were frequently overcome by passionate emotion aiid enthusiasm. One unpleasant incident occurred whien an attempt was made to elect Birnbaum as general secretary. According to the statute on organisation the Inner Zionist Committee was to appoint a secretary, with an office in Vienna. The motion that the secretary-general be elected by Congress and have a seat and vote in the Inner Actions Committee was re-iected after a stormy debate.
Incompatible
The Inner Actions Committee appointed Nathan Birnbaum as secretary-general, but Herzl and Birnbaum were incompatible. Birnbaum, the theorist, could not be the kind of secretary to accept decisions by Herzl or the Actions Committee unquestioningjy. His secretaryship brought an early end to his Zionist
career. He continued, to belong to the Zionist Movement for some time, bat he no longer attended Zionist Congresses. He began to criticise Herzl's Zionism, political Zionism; "charter diplomacy" and, ultimately, he
left the Zionist Organisation and ceased to contribute to "Die Welt."
In 1902 s o m e Zionists made a vain attempt to bring about a reconciliation between him and Herzl. The editor of "Die Welt"
A sketch of Nathan Birnboum by his artist son Uriel.
Who do you think you are?
(9 common fantasies people concoct on their first trip abroad.)
At yotir travel agent...
At your doctor...
At the passport office..
persuaded him to write articles for the journal. He chose a new pseudonym and took all possible precautions to preserve his incognito; Thus, his articles again appeared in Herzl's organ, this time under the pen-name ■ "Pantarhei." When Herzl asked for the author's identity he was told that the articles had been written by a stranger who did not wish to disclose his name.
"Pantarhei" ("Evervthin? flows,  everything changes
(Continued on Page 9)
<3iip
SENSATION
LIGHT, GRISP, ' DELICIOUSv': WHEN IT'S:'
COOKED WITH
PLANTERS OIL
you feel like a babe in the woods. But don't you feel like a walking dartboard.But don't you feel like AgentX.5. But don't worry. AH
worry. Just be sure to see a travel agent first. He worry. All you need to get back into the U.S.A. is you need to get your passport is $10, proof of cit-
knows all there is to know about your trip. In- ia recent smallpox vaccination. You ought to have izeriship, a nice clear 2" x 2" photograph and a
eluding what to wear, from the skin out one anyway, so it can't hurt. nice clear conscience. Spies need not apply.
At the weigh-in counter.,,
When the pilot smiles at you...
On board the EL AL jet...
you feel like a beast of burden. But don't you feel like Steve Canyoh.But don't worry, you feel like the only passenger. But don't
worry. You probably won*t go over the limit. You Even though the" EL AL pilot might appreciate worry. Business is O.K. We have a knack for
cantake441b5.ineconomyclassor66 lbs. in first your h.lpful advice, he's flown over a million miles; makingeveryone f eel-that way. And that may be
class, plus what you can jam into your pockets, himself. Steve could learn things from him. the reason why business is as good as it is.
When the stewardess smiles at you...     At the customs agent.
When you're back home.
Jl. he secret of \7orld famous chefs! French and Chinese cooks use Planters Cooking and Salad Oil for frjdag, bak-ingand salads.It imparts a crackling-crisp goodness to all fried foods... a superb lightness to baking ... a delicate flavor to salad dressings. It's a polyunsaturated oil... so light, it floats on odier oils.
SUKIYAKI SENSATION
3tbsp. Planters Cooking and
Salad Oil tl^lbs. lean tender beefsteak,
cut in paper-thin slivers
1 iO-oz. package fresh spinach
Yt |b. fresh mushrooms, thinly sliced
1 cup thinly sliced celery J^cgp (1 bunch) thinly sliced
scallioiis 11bsp. sugar cup soy sauce
2 tbsp. Worcestershire sauce 1 tbsp. cornstarch
1 tbsp. cold water Hot cooked rice
[eat Planters Oil in a large skillet and saute beef livers quickly until browned. Add spinach, mushrooms, celery, scal-lions, sugar, soy sauce, Worcestershire sauce; samk about 3 minutes, stirring constandy. Simmer about 5 minutes longer, stirring occasionally. Blend cornstarch and water; sdr into liquid in skillet. Cook and stir until sauce boils.and thickens. Serve with hot rice. Serves 6.
you feel like Gregory Peck. But don't v^oriry. you feel like an international jewel thief. you feel like a world authority. But don't
The EL AL stewardess is very experienced. She But don't worry. Nobody's trying to trap you. You vi^orry. When you whip out your home movies and
knowft^acactly how much smile will get a man can bring home an armful of trinkets, including tell everyone about your experiences, they'll fall
'   ted up without getting his wife steamed up. $100 worth du1^4r^ asleep oh you just the way they always did.
mhotvttm «At«A yovart. Eh At Itr((eUirlineswlttlly f/m Kkt aperson to 17 eititt on Semtinentt.'
EL AL Israel Airlines
6 Adelaide St. E., Toronto, Suite 703 — 363-3747 in Montreal: UN. 6-1916, ^620Xathcart St/