(o Indian I onsthtjtion doe* srovidei for Presiding s Rule to CenWc, iv'r^ir^tlhe (dent hive * Council of liters with a rMmfe Minister head to aid and idvit* \hlm e exercise ot
executive po^tf it not fed although the tatent oi the i � a txofttr** authority Jhaa
defined,
|e source la of tiitl view thai 7ofuncil of Miniahcr? of a �ed ^tvei^met^^ would have tttnue in office tfi the event tc; President Having to ke the Hou�t on fits own if ation of an alternative rnment wis; oof passible kigh j there 1^;*, specific ion in th* CofyMtuipn # a ?tak^r,. Gtm^afifnt
|ubts about ^
Jiativcs. ucf� n t9S0 by, Ujcndra rt*m (s of bis becom Republic.
resident'a filed *ay the* titan
OS'
JknoV\"in
bsad wantet
clrcumfttahcei[ \ tad : wfiat (of Independent! |�%t mayl be by the Presidf j
en
m;-< i
Agdhn �uffcre< devaato
i 11
. Delhi (IttS), Uh, Whkh htt* Fy due to two [clone* within II }g etperts froni $ tor advice on tilt
a wail along th* *i* coast fca /mancn* orotemWo' against
[ones, ^art'pfR^^^ ter Jamardhan *:Wfl64y �dW
ten h^re, :, j
idy said that in edented � frf iea along >yetn Kructijf| em it Mi watat
dOfnonaifat
, . of the eney-."*"ff atta
i4om thf coal; ti
to
>le coast. ""V-
white, Govern frarVneaturea,
ItruApn ofm ting %rtt
iesh, Ch ly had p lof a nation
' i wit oi i' utntty of tlto
i- To
Mk� IhM
|^^00 . ::^t|S^H
na
.. aetrtttg �titttte^of
he studies by the 0*0, rnment which ^uid afap
a cyclone ptone ram on the ftyes of the >ght Prone A rcaaj Program*
.'.V
��w Delhi (UNI him Alva, formcrJMember of. ament and a veteran journa< lied here June 2S {tight after a illness. He waa tif.
t. Alva is survived by two His wife, the latffvtolat Alva Deputy Chairman of the ra Sabha, the upper house of Indian Parliament
ra. Margaret A*fa� a Cong-T (!) MP, U Mr. Aiva% <ht*Mn�)aw. MK Joachim was a MPfroro 1J9$2 to 1974.
��( i '
( i ' .
I- )
H> Francis AasrsaH
Ihc,c\ >iiijtt recognttion of the n^tft 10 prof ogate rcli {iprt in the iVnMiuu on of India i ime abemt. f,'ir,i;eiV* il (rough the i; rttiative of tbx"'.Ciiris:iaii minority The 1931. K.�j;:voh.i tvigress reiolutioh btj IvsikU^ci uaj rights in eluded |:the tMU'm jtikj article on religious , liberty;r Every -citizen jihall enjoy f: .freedom;, offconseience and thk riuhiMrciily.: to profess and practV (vv hU rt lig on. subje i to public,;; vm dor fin< m iraUty.' 1 he Karachi
rc^oli4tio i n propajjat on first drifr
ade no mefcltioh of the of religiott; and the ^
..... of the article of
religious lib rrty by a committee of the C<�n si itt ent AssenjbJy did not refer to i e ther. The wording :of �the draft at tide followed that; pf the.Ki^ra:hi statemen(very close-
Tbe Indiiafi Christia i commuhi* \v. however; had lfreouen
e.vprc
.freedom
:of India find �of. inpii n re sol utico
its conv ction that of {religion i icluded the right to �ro jagate om 's faith and to, v\ in ron >eris to t , Yffi\t*yyifa; lirly as Ootober 19* 5 the joint Ooi^niittj^e >f the Catholic Unioh
the All li dia Council Christian? passed a declaring Mln the future constitution o' India; the tree pr ifc SKsion; pi actke an<d propaga ior of religic n should foe ar.ant< *ed. and thi change pf 'religion, *h .mid not nvplve ar^y civij or ?ol tical diia >l1ity.'' Tlite �Christia' v n embers o the Consti-tuern Aj scmbly and < f the AdyUt; dry Con mijttee on M norities Fiindanicn j>nes^ ft r
'ford; ankle.
jrepagate Th
ignts hegan ^6 he inch ston of the
ry were i bly lead (n this endeavour by th ? late Dr.H. C.Mookerj ;e; a Chris tian of great. "pres t i g� , a Ation g Con {ressmen pf all r^nk arid the vice president pf ih< Coniiii uent Asse tribl^i �:;
Ther; p$ some < opposition to the ihel isi >n of the vord^propa^ gate* 011] le ground that this wa> amply pro /ided for in the draft article tui ranteeing freedom Of speech arid expression. MpfeC v eheme nt Joppositidr came frofe Hindu r icrhbers who flfatly denied that .the propagatioi of religiph and the winning s>f converts �should be�: onsldered a legitimate asDCct j off reliiidu $ freedom �
the
on
nia
Ch
tan
rcf
pite such obji&c____^ _,
e was a genci ati wilungness " p part of mi hy Hipdus to ic some concc ssions jto the istiah viewpoint. The*Christ cpmniunity,Wcr::^-:;fflir":'" had sed to suppotk the JMuslim league demand for partition, and haiTtrtdicated its ccjnfidence in the ntalority by bemg> wilprig to reltiquish communal reservation of (eat sip the lejjfclative jopdies,
key figure |4 the ^Itirriate setllentent of thii {issue Was now btr tr than Sardar Yallabhai Pa^et; ch ifman of the advi^pry cpmin-itt< e. Aithough gdn^raliy cbhser-va ive and 4 HWd^Minded^V Pa el sough; to tinderstand the mi tority^s point^ f of ytpw and ex rt ed his grfat prestige in su tport of recpgnieing thi right to pr- pagate reiigipii, /trie jadyispry co nmitte presented its linterim Ke JOrt on Fundamental fRights'' to the Constitue it Assimblv in Af ril 1947 The hraft article oh fr< edoht Of religic n thci^ded the ke i word * 'propag ate' If was not he fever a clearer vicjtbty for th �se who had urfeed recognition t of the right to pr^gate. religion. '.O luse 17 of the same report st it ed: 44 Conversion fifom � one re igioh to ^
b) coercion or !fn^u^ influence si all not be recp, C iristian reactip 1 to this clause w is that Avhile frdedOm pf religion w js classed as furidam^tal Tight, n > one had ever daimedth^ ft r coercion or a hdiie Influehce. J te introductioh Of this clause in a constitutioii wap therefore inap-p opriate; such I aefs tould be p ohibited by ofdinary[ tegislat-
'hen clause !�*
was debated oh
tlje floor of ^e Constitue
?scmbly v a number of amend nlents were off* red; ope addect tie w'drd "fraud- K.M^MPnsht's a}nendrrient adc ed" aw ehtirely )w element^ 4 Any ophversiori; ffoin one religk n. to another of ty person brt Ughl about by aUd, coercion. or undue in flu-ice or of a mipt >r uhdir the aj;e ' eighteen shall not; bd recgoniz-I by law,* 'This ^mepdmeht^^ iImmediately atti eked :-cjh; several. roundsV . : �' ^ ;��{�.' . .'.:^
Purushottarh Das Tandon, whp liter became p residerit of the Iidian National Congress, gave ekoression to hisj orthodox Hihdu
ideas:r Mr. President, ii m great
iy surprised at the >pe< ..^..,.. dlif^d here fev bur Christian
brc therehv Sohte have sapd ^ ^ tht� assmbly we have [admitted thi Mght of everyone to' '
hi: religion and to concert Onfe relifiidn to anpfher. we
.Cc figressmeti ^eem it>^ry n^prp per to convert *~ ~~ *'
|r other religion or to t^ke part ; si c* activities1'v
one
to
however a which
; rhe crucial problem eer tered in the dilent wp dd be faced by parents who cm traced another religion without being able (accordli tg to the am jhdment) to: brine up their chi dren in the^new M h. Frank An hOny stated: .>3y ti is: clause yoi will say, although th 5 parents ma y be converted to Ch istianity* the dhildren shall not be brought tip by these jyarents in the faith of the parenti. You will be thi root of family life. coi trary to the ordinary of natural law and Ch ristian opinion |aw c\i use � as � an attc mpt to nullify; in large mea spre the frc edom of reiligioh guafahteed in th< v m^aih. clause;
cutting at say h is concepts justice.
the e Consti-
to clause Commi-
Bvft.Ambedkar; the minister, strbngly 0 Mbhshi anierhdment suent Assembly thereubon toj refer the clause back to the ai^isory committe Tae Christian members of the Assembly; under |he ; leadership J of H>C. Mb^^ then dre w up mfcmprandurh addn ssed to Sardar Pat el, expiainirtg in some detail their objections lj, Whe
�trie met. Patel himself proposed that the entirfe^ claus^w pmtttedi this decision was ma< le by the jmmittee and later j through Patera careful handii tg of the: Is sue, approved by the lull Cons-til pent� Assembly. '.'X/- ;�
The Constitutipn as finally a ipptedv contains phij the posit-r e statement of th j right of r tfigw 2? is as
fallows: ^Subject topdbl ic order, and health i ind to the (her provisions of th s part, all jrspris are equally entitled to feedom of; conscienc e and the to profesis, practice
id propagate religibt
11
Flftv N^w York jarea^s Indian wvel amenta and tour otoratora, led by Rasoiidu Sailgbavl of Mahaiajab Travels and Jawahaf Doshl of Travel Orient, ieeehtly Hostedja cocldtall and dfamer Raga Riitauraiw � New York city to ofd farewell to Air India's long ^iline sales manager In facilitate. Ed Mi code, who haa (been appointed to that j pest \t to lt);Mrs.Do m, P. FMahUJ director, Air IndUNojth America, Mrs. ^9and Mr Martlnv Mri.Mahta, Mr and M^rs.Sanghavt, Mr.Macedo. M}-. Khaiiwalla, Ajrea Sales Manager, Mr.Doihl.
at the
Martin, and to
1.. 1:.
July 26,1979^ tliTS CA^ADl^ Pase 7
i.
New Delhi and Agricuitiire Organisation (FAO). has ^decided to issue an "�Agricola'* rnedal bearing the pdTtrah of Jaj aprakash Nairayan ^ in '. recocnition of his services in 7
thej field of rural deveiopment. Th^ medal will be issued at time of j the world cop on
agtarian reform and � riiral development to be held in RbmeV
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