[alknpv.   There., is ivil liberties AssociaN ,ts    ^heuer.    Allen �� ulJ1 take up specific ' required take iheniio
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ma nit, >:-a a'-jdiiioivoi ^JH.r- enlu;i.'..;
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ahie. :x Mjvh ;.Meup'.v on^.);':;;he.d:   �It   ex � pi 'I' Ia. ;�� i    l^i: , eaUi eoeiePxPis ^roUns [ JV� � '�'      if- political.
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p^;:i:eai Pisxvinnna-er'aiunijer ami o^.,- ' � I vs ecU-'eanoiv. .hiit h I hi*' n) rPo/oi.v. j
>:h^' >      eu ii ufe' <P ^x>hx? ,:pKJ o.i'r th,;
Puap>ruv   pvoup; lo 'V   culture   of  the P.     1 he  iniiiative ; he  minon?o/ I'in^ :heir. inttuenee f.uirureknou n to the and accordingly P/ lions .and- act\\ ities � Jhural    groups., esis   should   be   , �n as possible.   On base,   an   effort iMo i�'ej to .know (be , nunnv in which tin.- '���' 'irjl-e.id', io reside;
fay Cnaubam H.B >r, Leclairt\ Neviriv, Hob\on a thauhar
imond Hi)!; Ontario"
S1
|r 25 < Sa'macha-r): A >! Rs -*'f)-\00(). hi, t>n Bihari Sinxh ut' BalvoL',esh\vu* acijiuiica i to i' [hrec \>r the to in iees' served on bin* '�rnem JJ)ireciorate ' c.>al.rave.nt ion o-regulations: the inh-rniee.
I' ler (jioira Gandh' en reph . that rh-�i addition  to< thr
the  foreign, e.;-
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eree by' lie tounti (�riee, prosecutive*' 'u;d a i-a j vi.st Bihari \i\ hiving trial in d
hvas ajs;v in/ornieu cause   notice -ivr t foreign exchange s issued ro Pre if, lai alias Ba 1 yogcsh � oreeynent Director � reference   to   the ihpon..'of goods a net ige.u-hich had noi , a penalty''of ts imposed on Mr. hari bingn by tnc tment. apart froM |n of the ;P.oods.
M /��� �'M-,1'iV-i;-'..,.V,'
" j India's mirastefrfor shipping and; transport; G.S| ijhillon wte. iii Ottawa on April 14|-15 as reported ' in our last issue. . j �.�     � ,V' ...
:]�� /in. a a int^rv^ew withj the Canadian India; T^mes Mr. j JDhil-lon said the emergency measures ; have brought ajboitt good results ijn many wayis, I especiaitly in discipline; He thitiks it shoiild be � continued as lojngj as neeesfeary.e ' Me'., said 4 4'We � liad ,Vgiyen an ., overdose of democracy our Ijpeople and thete was too m^ch of jiberty and top riiuch of democracy, and mu^h lof our njormal exercise pf these j rights asj they : .-jire exercised jn other couintries , we,nt out of proportion. $o; we ijpwnd that instead of its prbpet vise it was used ajgainst th^ very national interests of our pe^ple'V
whether the be  prolonged
When   as^ed '�;>Jndergencyr:;:wSH-' indefinitely he jsaijd. 44Emerjgency ias   brought (about   incifeased ;( - production and pjroductivity and the inflation l)asi. been btowght down to. ierp, theiije is no student unre^. no strikes and there are ;';ivi;6 opinions, whether we ^hpuld (xintinuc it or nk>t! One opinion is, that we shouldjgoj in for elections; .apd.this is theirigjht tinie and the .Congress could ^have . a. jbetter.. majority   than:   |hey   have   at present. The aim of the present government isjtoi set the people going on the; rijght track; the strikes, demonstxitions and guer-. ilia rhovemeptij which usec^ tp be so  common Should became a thing of the� past.   However he iaid'4,.This:canjnptlast indefinitely.' M the mpstj.    the Parliament has decided ijth^t the elections probably wiBi be held m the;
coping year-... v . | .   v.-''V-;fV-v--":,,;\ V v^heh probed :|whether jdemq-c.ri\c*y in its original form will be reintroduced ia India:Mr^.-llftii-ll6jij''�
said. �..'�'|tn.ere,�. nas y,pcc.n .nor disintegietion of deijiocricy; j atn really; surprised at this ^question. The Indian parliament is functioning as nprnially as ever.; Out of 775 menlbers that we have, 525 of them ar^ in the lower hbuse or the house or the JLpk Sabha and the upper house Rajha Sabha./ If you ' keep 16}" or 17 militaints in ; tke ��;;^r.is0n;;jit;^ democr.ajcy is\gone.    ; ;
Regarding news censbring and curtailment of press freedom he siaid thej press in; India *4 is niuch more expressive and much mote free tha|i any other press in any other country. The Parliartieni and assembiies funetibn normally, | feel really pained when such propaganda is allowed to go on in other countries. Some ; jpeople $ke the. Americans never CriticizefPakistan or the Pakistani governr(�ent for limitiing democratic ffeedom. The press db criticize] our policies, /they write all sorts] of comments. < It is a fact ; that wel haye amalgainated the Pti and UNI into one agency, bui you yoiirself being a journalist,
you know the backgrputid. PT^ was always a losing concern, and the Govern nient wis always subsidising 4^
the pre^s in Jndia now is notafree press bJit a cbhtrblled press. f > p He witnts the people of Indian origin"' .|i'ere to properfy understand |1 lidia's prolifems.; Mr. Dhiilon[assured that the money sent to jlndia by Indo-Ganadians will npt|be fez^ y."y;y/yy.yZ\'��y:;y '' AM through the, snterview Mr.: Dhilldnj naturally was very much defensive abbut Mrs. Gandhi and her actions and said that she is providing the strong j leadership neededj in s developing country like India; '��
:/p''New-pelhi: ft.� ;K.:'Naraya^ant�'� a. distinguished jmember pif the Indian Foreign Service, hasJ been appointed Ambasfeador to China thus .restoring i diplbniatic irelatr ' iotts with that country a^ter': a iip^e of 15 years. 1. ;:; ^ )yy I.; ;Mr:Narayafiah, at1 present Secretary in ith^ Ministry of External Affairs, lis expected to cake up his assigntneht in Reking wiitbin two monthi, :.: �!"'' ! With the appointment of Mr. Narayanan � the diplomatic ripresentation '|in; hoth| the cr*lx*Mntries has tyeejh raised' to � the ambassadorial: level. Since the .�eturri of the last Ambassador G. ?arthasaratby. mjl961 the representation had beeb at the JeVeV 6j? trharge d'Affairs.j    1 '�. .
|A report from {Peking quoting a�i official spokesman $ays that China had approved the nomination of Mr. Narayanan and that Pelting would, redpiwa** by sending an Ambassador to New Oelhi. -V �. -^p^yO
lit was since that Q\im started showing j some .ftiendly ge sit res. .�� � by ''j injviti.ii^., jjndiaii diplomats to their; functionsj in the various worldi capitals. At the Mav Day function in 1970 at Peking Chainnan Mao Tse-tung shook hands twjith the Indian Charge d'Af^airs and it was widely reported as an indication of China's sincere desire to restore hormail relationship with india-i Later in {1971 an Indian Table Tennis ttea$t participiated in
} By George Matfeew
the; Afro-Asian table Tehnis Championship at the- iriyitation of China; Another Indian team also participated in the Asiah-African-Latin American Friendship Table Ten h ii Championship in 1973. As a sequel to these developments ; khowfi as the 44ping pOng diplpnjiacy?v a Chinese Table Tennif Team visited India early
. la.st^4ar';;    - V' ����b:'';:: �
Thee Ambassador designate to
�China.|: Mr. Narayahanf 55p is seasoned diplomat iahd author. He: started his career as a teacher and la;ter took up jpurnalism. He workejd for the P^Hindu" of Madras  and  44The Ti^es  of
* India t. Bombay for ahout two yearsjbefore.he joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1949.
Beiides hoidiiig various diplomatic assignmentsi: he has handled Sino-Indiati affaks as pirectpr of the Chiiia division of
; the Ministry of Externa! Affairs from, |963 to 1%7.     ^
Canadian Prime Minister ^^^B Trtidiau and Mr Narayanan were co-stindents at the Lotidon School
; of Economics. '.Mr.'; Narayanan was fawarded thci  Jawaharlai
;Nehr| fellowship in; 1971-72:tori study! on Nehruy anid hd^aligij-
' men.t^ - "y-r y :^^^y-^y^0:};- :-^y .. vBeiides Mr.':Narayanan, three of the former^^n Indian Ambassadors in China from ' Kera|a viz K P> S. Meriohi Sardajr KM. Panjker and N. van. The other two were G.
i
:Partlasarathy aiid R.K. Nehm
1^ CA^ADIA^ Ir^L^ TIMES � ?ag� ^
By Opr Correspondessil
Neiw Delhi: The much awaited national population polk y statement released by thej Health
proposes no Cent rial lefeislatibh for compulsory sterilization p but leaves the optioft to the state
;::gbve� nments;;^rpv:.;    r'--[;'P J.
� Thiej policy frame jaroposes B amonig other things, freezing of the population base at/the 1971 leveljfocdetermining Cent Plan anpeations to states afid their representation in the Lp|c Sabha. Eigh|t per cent of the i Central assistance to the state Wans will be specifically; earmarlce^ against perfprniahce in family pljanning,
Other features are: isiUitig ihe age of marriageto 18 for ^girls and 21 for boys; higherj grade nto net at y com pe nsat ion * for �indiv^dual acceptance of family planning, introduction ^f group incentives arid implementatiph of a ne>v multi-media motivationa!
strate/aiy. 'y'^S'' '-'y^P
Drv Karari Singh said that the pa efcage o f in ce nt iy i i s ah d disihicentives would hot victimise or punish those who wierc: already born! These called for reciprocal obligation by citizens to :he state which was spending large sums of
money on their welfare.
Explaining the magnitude ol the j problem Dr. Kara n Singh said; 44 With 2 4 per ce it of the world^iand areap 15 pfer cent of the world Is people. It is jestimated that our population * as pn January 1, l476, has crossed the 600 million mark, arid is now rising at the rarje of well over one million a month. Sinde Indepehdence' 250:.'miU^oh
T^ the
Shangri-la by tourists all over the world. The colourful costumes^ of � :;;itii/:peopieV/':-::th scenery  and the.p siitiple  life-pattern of its people evoke vistful lonjgings in the people of the sophisticated world,   | [j-   What makes .this,;} cynosure of the touristsj? Situation K^hmir p^ the
East" � Ladakh is boi md on the north-east by the great Ka|rakorum Range which separates it from the Sinkiang province; of China. To the East
-west,
lies Tibet and to the range of Hispar, Rakhaposhi ahd::HarakQshp; �:. '�� ^: ; Covering an area of 195,876 sq. kms> , Ladakh . is the largest district in the w^rldy A tourist has to! climb to 11,558 ft. above sea-level to reach" its c ipital Leh, which is i the highest nty of the
';w^ldp';-�'p.p     ^   ; :". P';'. "''; �
: Given such gee graphical features, it follows thai: Ladakh is a p dry^rbeky
dejpendent on its annual rainfall of f 3 inches a year for its vegetation. Thus culiivation is {K^siblet only in areas along the lhoiintaih streams. The country is totally barren mspite [of its two principal rivers, the Indus and the Shrypk; The Indus enters Ladakh from Tibet in the Eajst and the Shyok from the Nubri Valley in the: North, both thjese rivers m^rge at Gol in :
, � |For a district" of itsj vast: size i Ljidakh has only 20Q,| living. Since most of the country isl barren the peopje live �: by sheepgrazing and so, naturally, they are -nomadic in their liferstyle. They live in tents/made ofj hides; and move fr am pasture toi pasture to feed their animals;
.:;The.: sheep and ^oats are ibng-haired^ They : ate kept in hbunds by ferocious [sheepdogs. The nomads live on mfilk, tea and
baraly ,: meal. HardyL maepend-eht, these people ar^ fettown for their hospitality.
been added;, equivalent to the entire population of the Soviet Union with sixtimesthe land area of India. The increase every year is p how equal to the entire population of Australia which is 25titnes-th^
If the present rate of increase continues uhchecked our population at the turn of the cetrt^y may ^ well reach the staggering figure ^ of ope billibh. Indisputabily we are facing aj population explosion of crisis diirnensions which has largely diluted the fruits of the remarkable pe^
th at we have made over the last ''-[y twodecadei. Tfthe future of the nation is tarbe secured, and the goal of removing poverty to be attainedp the population problem will have tb be treated a$ a top national }:--:;.;: priority ' and commitment.
"Our real enemy is poverty, and it isas a frontal assanlt 6n the citadels of poverty that the fifth five-year Plan has ihcludefd the y� minimum needs program. /One of its   five   items   is   integrated package ot^ihealth, family planning and nutrition, Far reaching p steps  have  been  initiated to reorient the thrust of medical educatioh so as to strengthen the community! medicine and rural health aspects, and tb restructure thehea^^
the three^tier basis going down to the most ]far-flung rural areas where the majority of our people reside andi where child morbidity are  the^ h
ignbrancepilliteracy and siiper-stition have got to be fought and eliminated. Th  the  ultimate
analysis it is only ^wheh the tmderlyihg causes of poverty and disease are eliminated that the nation will be able to niove forward to its desired ideals.
"Nonetheless it is clear chat sirnpiy to wait for education and economic development to bring about a drop in fertility is not .a practical solution. The very increase   in  population   makes economic development slow and �more difficult of achievement. The: time factor is too pressing, ;and the population growth so formidable, that we have to get put of the vicious circle through a direct assault upon this problem ;as a national commitment. r . . ;   4 The question of compulsory sterilization has been the subject Ppf lively public debate over the last few months. It is clear that �public opinion is now ready to accept much �,'/more stringent measures for family  planning i than   before;   However,   the :admini|strative and medical infrastructure in many piarts of the country is still not adequate to : cope with the vast implications of Phation-wide compulsory sterilization. We do not therefore intend to bring in Central legislation for this purpose, at least for the time \ being. Some states feet that the ;- facilities available with thehi are � adequate to meet the require-? ments of eonipulsory stierilization. We are of the view that where a : state �legislatureT in the exercise
: of its own powers^ decides that the timeis ripe and it is necessary to pass legislation for compulsory sterilisation? it may do so...
By A^J.SIngb
^A sm^
those riearj a - river ppr a stream cultivate landw They grbw mainly wheat, barley, grim and buckwheat, also trumba and pulses in :y small quantities. People live mainly on/wheat and grim.
True to its Kashmiri character, Ladakh abounds in apples and apricots.^^ Skardp is yeritabi^ 4*the fruit garden" of the district* Dried apricots and kernals are the real cash-earners of the farmer.
Ladakh * si prosperity depends iipon it namdas, pushminas, and pattoos which are the craze of the western world; its jade has a world markets not only as a precious stoine but also_on account of the sacred properties attributed tb it pby astrologers and :sck)th-sayers.. p
y-':T6 be born a woman in Ladakh is indeed hard. She has to work in the fields alongside the men-folk and also run *ne home. The Ladakhis closely resemble altir piano or the highland Indians of the Andes in South America in one respect. The latter had a system called Mingo whereby all the members of the family as well as the neighbourhood participated jointly in agricultural or public works. This persists in Ladakh even
A Ladakh family working in the fields is treat to the eyes p They sing and dance while they work. Men often do the most strenous part of the job. The women contribute|to the gaity of the atmosphere through interludes o^ songs and dances, whtich are peculiar to the area. Working si^vidually they collect together at meal tinae for drinking tea and eating food. In the evenine when the work is over the whole family
moves homeward dri'dng their herds of cattle ahead ot tftem.
While men collect together to
Pdriniah^ to cook the evening
these simple and unsophisticated v people live in dose communion with nature.
Th e   Ladakhis   are   highly religious  people,   the   religion being Buddhism. There are two sects    the Red sect of Lamaism ; founded by  padarhasambhave, the Indian monk, and the Yellow sect founded by Tsong Khapa, a I Tibetan monk. Hemie, 24 miles south of Leh. houses the principal monastery of the Red sect^ while Rhezong, 55 miles to the West of Leh^, h^s fhat of the:^     sect. The abbots of these monasteries are called Kushk. According ^ tradition they riever die. When an i;. abbot  dies  he  is  reborn  or I reincarnated. This reincarnation is identified through ah elaborate procedure, part of which requires the child to identify the belong ings of his previous birth. The tradition pf making the youngest boy in every family a monk still continues.  But it is    on  the decline. Women, too; become nuns (Chonios) and live in monasteries.
The soeiai customs in Ladakh are no doubt simple, but they have a grandeur of their own.For example, the hunting for; a bride starts from the boy's house. After the bride has been found the groom does not go himself to solemnise the marriage and bring her home. Instead he deputes one of his younger cousins to do so. Of course the bride is received with due ceremony as soon as she steps into her hew home.
One of th^ ^ people is that they remain happy and jovial under all conditions. They are simple* hard working, and honest. Hospitality is their common virtue, rather it is their weakness. The traveiler is entertamed no matter what time of the day or night he arriyeso Ladakh is a land that resounds with laughter, song and dance. Verily, �;it"' is; "the 'valley of �
leSS. P'V . PP^':': x,'